ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: En los estudios de ciencias de la salud no solo se tiene que proporcionar formación técnica sino también humanística, donde la bioética ocupa un papel predominante. En la carrera de medicina es frecuente encontrar formación bioética, pero no en otros grados de ciencias de la salud, como biología o ciencias biomédicas. OBJETIVOS: Determinar en qué universidades españolas se impartían asignaturas de bioética en los grados de biología y de ciencias biomédicas, y conocer los temas más relevantes contemplados en los planes docentes de bioética. Sujetos y métodos: Durante el curso 2014-2015 se seleccionaron todos los grados en biología y en ciencias biomédicas y se determinó si en ellos existía o no formación bioética. En aquellos grados donde existía formación, se analizaron los contenidos de los planes de estudio de la materia. RESULTADOS: De los 35 grados existentes, solo en siete (20%) se identificó una formación en bioética. Los temas más abordados fueron aquellos relacionados con la investigación científica. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de formación en bioética en los planes de estudio de los grados en biología y en otras ciencias biomédicas de las universidades españolas es muy escasa, ya que solo aparece en el 20% de los casos. Dicha formación es claramente inferior a la dispensada en estudios de ciencias de la salud más ligados a la práctica clínica, especialmente a los de medicina
INTRODUCTION: In studies of health sciences, not only technical but humanistic training has to be provided. Bioethics plays a predominant role in humanities. In medicine, it is common to find bioethics training but not in other degrees of health sciences such as biology or biomedical sciences. AIMS: To determine in which Spanish universities bioethics subjects were taught in the degrees of biology and biomedical sciences, and to know the most relevant topics contemplated in the bioethics teaching syllabus. Subjects and methods: During the 2014-2015 academic year, all degrees in biology and biomedical sciences were selected, determining whether or not bioethics training existed in them. In those degrees where there was training, the contents of the subject study syllabus were analysed. RESULTS: Of the 35 degrees existing, only in seven (20%) of them bioethics training was identified. The topics most addressed were those related to scientific research. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of training in bioethics in the degrees in biology and other biomedical sciences of the Spanish universities is very scarce since it only appears in 20% of the cases. This training is clearly inferior to that provided in health science studies more linked to clinical practice, especially those of medicine
Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics/education , Biomedical Technology/education , Biomedical Research/education , Universities/organization & administration , Spain , CurriculumABSTRACT
Acanthocytes, when≥5% of urinary erythrocytes examined, are considered as the most reliable marker of glomerular haematuria. However, some uncertainties still exist in the literature about their morphological definition. The aim of this paper is to discuss this topic and to suggest a univocal definition of acanthocytes as erythrocytes with the shape of a ring with one or more protrusions
Los acantocitos, cuando son≥5% de los eritrocitos urinarios examinados, se consideran el marcador más fiable de la hematuria glomerular. Sin embargo, todavía existen algunas incertidumbres en la literatura acerca de su definición morfológica. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir este tema y proponer una definición unívoca de los acantocitos como eritrocitos con la forma de un anillo con una o más protuberancias
Subject(s)
Humans , Acanthocytes/classification , Kidney Glomerulus/physiopathology , Hematuria/physiopathology , Erythrocytes, Abnormal , Biomarkers/analysis , G1 Phase/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases stem from modifiable risk factors. Peer support is a proven strategy for many chronic illnesses. Randomized trials assessing the efficacy of this strategy for global cardiovascular risk factor modification are lacking. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the hypothesis that a peer group strategy would help improve healthy behaviors in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: A total of 543 adults 25 to 50 years of age with at least 1 risk factor were recruited; risk factors included hypertension (20%), overweight (82%), smoking (31%), and physical inactivity (81%). Subjects were randomized 1:1 to a peer group-based intervention group (IG) or a self-management control group (CG) for 12 months. Peer-elected leaders moderated monthly meetings involving role-play, brainstorming, and activities to address emotions, diet, and exercise. The primary outcome was mean change in a composite score related to blood pressure, exercise, weight, alimentation, and tobacco (Fuster-BEWAT score, 0 to 15). Multilevel models with municipality as a cluster variable were applied to assess differences between groups. RESULTS: Participants' mean age was 42 ± 6 years, 71% were female, and they had a mean baseline Fuster-BEWAT score of 8.42 ± 2.35. After 1 year, the mean scores were significantly higher in the IG (n = 277) than in the CG (n = 266) (IG mean score: 8.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.37 to 9.32; CG mean score: 8.17; 95% CI: 7.55 to 8.79; p = 0.02). The increase in the overall score was significantly larger in the IG compared with the CG (difference: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.18; p = 0.02). The mean improvement in the individual components was uniformly greater in the IG, with a significant difference for the tobacco component. CONCLUSIONS: The peer group intervention had beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, with significant improvements in the overall score and specifically on tobacco cessation. A follow-up assessment will be performed 1 year after the final assessment reported here to determine long-term sustainability of the improvements associated with peer group intervention. (Peer-Group-Based Intervention Program [Fifty-Fifty]; NCT02367963).
