ABSTRACT
Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu
ABSTRACT
Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu
ABSTRACT
Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu
ABSTRACT
Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu
ABSTRACT
Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu
ABSTRACT
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
ABSTRACT
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to use medium frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in femoral quadriceps muscle of dogs with induced muscular atrophy to evaluate the occurrence of mass gain in these muscles and to compare NMES in different periods of treatment. Eight dogs, weighing between 15 and 25kg, were randomly placed in two groups: GI (NMES for 30min), GII, (NMES for 60min). For the muscular atrophy induction, the right knee was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. NMES was carried out in the dogs of which groups, three times a week, in between 48h each session, in a period of 60 days. The parameters measured were: thigh perimetry, knee goniometry, creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle, collected through a muscular biopsy. There was no significant difference regarding the values of thigh perimetry and CK enzyme activity. The goniometry presented a significant increase (P 0.05) in the groups GI and GII at 30 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. In the vastus lateralis fibers morphometry, a significant increase (P 0.05) was observed in the transversal area of the treated groups GI e GII at 90 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. Thus, it can be concluded that NMES of medium frequency causes hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after induced muscular atrophy. NMES for 60min (GII) presents a greater muscular gain related to the GI.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi empregar a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) de média frequência no músculo quadríceps femoral de cães com atrofia muscular induzida, avaliar o ganho de massa muscular e comparar a EENM sob diferentes tempos de tratamento. Foram utilizados oito cães, pesando entre 15 e 25kg e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados de GI (30minutos) e GII (60minutos). Para a indução da atrofia muscular, a articulação do joelho direito foi imobilizada por 30 dias por transfixação percutânea tipo II. Após a retirada do aparelho de imobilização, foi realizada a EENM nos cães dos grupos GI e GII três vezes por semana, com intervalo mínimo de 48 horas entre cada sessão, pelo período de 60 dias. Foram mensuradas a perimetria da coxa, goniometria dos joelhos, atividade da enzima creatina-quinase (CK) e morfometria das fibras musculares do vasto lateral em cortes transversais colhido mediante a biópsia muscular. Não houve diferença quanto aos valores da perimetria da coxa e atividade da enzima CK. A goniometria revelou significância (P 0,05) nos grupos GI e GII entre os tempos zero e 30 minutos. Os grupos GI e GII apresentaram aumento significativo (P 0,05) da área de secção quando comparados com o dia zero e noventa. Pode-se concluir que a EENM de média frequência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após atrofia muscular induzida. A EENM com duração de 60minutos (GII) promove um maior ganho de massa muscular em relação ao GI.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to use medium frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in femoral quadriceps muscle of dogs with induced muscular atrophy to evaluate the occurrence of mass gain in these muscles and to compare NMES in different periods of treatment. Eight dogs, weighing between 15 and 25kg, were randomly placed in two groups: GI (NMES for 30min), GII, (NMES for 60min). For the muscular atrophy induction, the right knee was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. NMES was carried out in the dogs of which groups, three times a week, in between 48h each session, in a period of 60 days. The parameters measured were: thigh perimetry, knee goniometry, creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle, collected through a muscular biopsy. There was no significant difference regarding the values of thigh perimetry and CK enzyme activity. The goniometry presented a significant increase (P 0.05) in the groups GI and GII at 30 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. In the vastus lateralis fibers morphometry, a significant increase (P 0.05) was observed in the transversal area of the treated groups GI e GII at 90 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. Thus, it can be concluded that NMES of medium frequency causes hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after induced muscular atrophy. NMES for 60min (GII) presents a greater muscular gain related to the GI.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi empregar a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) de média frequência no músculo quadríceps femoral de cães com atrofia muscular induzida, avaliar o ganho de massa muscular e comparar a EENM sob diferentes tempos de tratamento. Foram utilizados oito cães, pesando entre 15 e 25kg e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados de GI (30minutos) e GII (60minutos). Para a indução da atrofia muscular, a articulação do joelho direito foi imobilizada por 30 dias por transfixação percutânea tipo II. Após a retirada do aparelho de imobilização, foi realizada a EENM nos cães dos grupos GI e GII três vezes por semana, com intervalo mínimo de 48 horas entre cada sessão, pelo período de 60 dias. Foram mensuradas a perimetria da coxa, goniometria dos joelhos, atividade da enzima creatina-quinase (CK) e morfometria das fibras musculares do vasto lateral em cortes transversais colhido mediante a biópsia muscular. Não houve diferença quanto aos valores da perimetria da coxa e atividade da enzima CK. A goniometria revelou significância (P 0,05) nos grupos GI e GII entre os tempos zero e 30 minutos. Os grupos GI e GII apresentaram aumento significativo (P 0,05) da área de secção quando comparados com o dia zero e noventa. Pode-se concluir que a EENM de média frequência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após atrofia muscular induzida. A EENM com duração de 60minutos (GII) promove um maior ganho de massa muscular em relação ao GI.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to use medium frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in femoral quadriceps muscle of dogs with induced muscular atrophy to evaluate the occurrence of mass gain in these muscles and to compare NMES in different periods of treatment. Eight dogs, weighing between 15 and 25kg, were randomly placed in two groups: GI (NMES for 30min), GII, (NMES for 60min). For the muscular atrophy induction, the right knee was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. NMES was carried out in the dogs of which groups, three times a week, in between 48h each session, in a period of 60 days. The parameters measured were: thigh perimetry, knee goniometry, creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle, collected through a muscular biopsy. There was no significant difference regarding the values of thigh perimetry and CK enzyme activity. The goniometry presented a significant increase (P 0.05) in the groups GI and GII at 30 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. In the vastus lateralis fibers morphometry, a significant increase (P 0.05) was observed in the transversal area of the treated groups GI e GII at 90 days from the surgical procedure for immobilization when compared with time zero. Thus, it can be concluded that NMES of medium frequency causes hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after induced muscular atrophy. NMES for 60min (GII) presents a greater muscular gain related to the GI.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi empregar a estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) de média frequência no músculo quadríceps femoral de cães com atrofia muscular induzida, avaliar o ganho de massa muscular e comparar a EENM sob diferentes tempos de tratamento. Foram utilizados oito cães, pesando entre 15 e 25kg e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados de GI (30minutos) e GII (60minutos). Para a indução da atrofia muscular, a articulação do joelho direito foi imobilizada por 30 dias por transfixação percutânea tipo II. Após a retirada do aparelho de imobilização, foi realizada a EENM nos cães dos grupos GI e GII três vezes por semana, com intervalo mínimo de 48 horas entre cada sessão, pelo período de 60 dias. Foram mensuradas a perimetria da coxa, goniometria dos joelhos, atividade da enzima creatina-quinase (CK) e morfometria das fibras musculares do vasto lateral em cortes transversais colhido mediante a biópsia muscular. Não houve diferença quanto aos valores da perimetria da coxa e atividade da enzima CK. A goniometria revelou significância (P 0,05) nos grupos GI e GII entre os tempos zero e 30 minutos. Os grupos GI e GII apresentaram aumento significativo (P 0,05) da área de secção quando comparados com o dia zero e noventa. Pode-se concluir que a EENM de média frequência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após atrofia muscular induzida. A EENM com duração de 60minutos (GII) promove um maior ganho de massa muscular em relação ao GI.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to present a variation of the ventral technique access to the atlantoaxial joint, for treatment of atlantoaxial instability with no section of sternothyreoid muscle. Fifteen dogs, with weight between 8 and 12kg, were randomly distributed in three groups denominated one (30 days), two (60 days) and three (90 days) for daily clinical evaluations. The atlantoaxial joint was submitted to the arthrodesis through the ventral access using pins of Steinmann associated to acrylic resin. The access and exhibition of the atlantoaxial joint with no section of the sternothyreoid muscle was obtained without complications or additional limitations. No dog of this research presented coughing, dyspnea, regurgitation, laryngeal paralysis or Horner's syndrome. It can be concluded that the section of sternothyreoid muscle is an unnecessary procedure and that there is is no interference in the exhibition of atlantoaxial joint and arthrodesis approach of dogs through ventral access.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma variação na técnica de acesso ventral à articulação atlantoaxial para tratamento da instabilidade atlantoaxial sem a secção do músculo esternotireóideo. Foram utilizados 15 cães, pesando entre oito e 12kg, sem raça definida, independente do sexo, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos iguais de acordo com o período pós-operatório (PO) denominados de I (30dias), II (60 dias) e III (90 dias) para avaliações clínicas diárias. A articulação atlantoaxial foi submetida à artrodese por meio do acesso ventral utilizando pinos de Steinmann associados à resina acrílica autopolimerizável. O acesso e a exposição da articulação atlantoaxial sem a secção do músculo esternotireóideo foram realizados sem complicações ou limitações adicionais. Nenhum cão desta pesquisa apresentou tosse, dispnéia, regurgitação, paralisia laríngea ou Síndrome de Horner. Pode-se concluir que a secção do músculo esternotireóideo é um procedimento desnecessário e que não interfere na exposição da articulação atlantoaxial e na realização da artrodese em cães por meio do acesso ventral.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to present a variation of the ventral technique access to the atlantoaxial joint, for treatment of atlantoaxial instability with no section of sternothyreoid muscle. Fifteen dogs, with weight between 8 and 12kg, were randomly distributed in three groups denominated one (30 days), two (60 days) and three (90 days) for daily clinical evaluations. The atlantoaxial joint was submitted to the arthrodesis through the ventral access using pins of Steinmann associated to acrylic resin. The access and exhibition of the atlantoaxial joint with no section of the sternothyreoid muscle was obtained without complications or additional limitations. No dog of this research presented coughing, dyspnea, regurgitation, laryngeal paralysis or Horner's syndrome. It can be concluded that the section of sternothyreoid muscle is an unnecessary procedure and that there is is no interference in the exhibition of atlantoaxial joint and arthrodesis approach of dogs through ventral access.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma variação na técnica de acesso ventral à articulação atlantoaxial para tratamento da instabilidade atlantoaxial sem a secção do músculo esternotireóideo. Foram utilizados 15 cães, pesando entre oito e 12kg, sem raça definida, independente do sexo, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos iguais de acordo com o período pós-operatório (PO) denominados de I (30dias), II (60 dias) e III (90 dias) para avaliações clínicas diárias. A articulação atlantoaxial foi submetida à artrodese por meio do acesso ventral utilizando pinos de Steinmann associados à resina acrílica autopolimerizável. O acesso e a exposição da articulação atlantoaxial sem a secção do músculo esternotireóideo foram realizados sem complicações ou limitações adicionais. Nenhum cão desta pesquisa apresentou tosse, dispnéia, regurgitação, paralisia laríngea ou Síndrome de Horner. Pode-se concluir que a secção do músculo esternotireóideo é um procedimento desnecessário e que não interfere na exposição da articulação atlantoaxial e na realização da artrodese em cães por meio do acesso ventral.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to present a variation of the ventral technique access to the atlantoaxial joint, for treatment of atlantoaxial instability with no section of sternothyreoid muscle. Fifteen dogs, with weight between 8 and 12kg, were randomly distributed in three groups denominated one (30 days), two (60 days) and three (90 days) for daily clinical evaluations. The atlantoaxial joint was submitted to the arthrodesis through the ventral access using pins of Steinmann associated to acrylic resin. The access and exhibition of the atlantoaxial joint with no section of the sternothyreoid muscle was obtained without complications or additional limitations. No dog of this research presented coughing, dyspnea, regurgitation, laryngeal paralysis or Horner's syndrome. It can be concluded that the section of sternothyreoid muscle is an unnecessary procedure and that there is is no interference in the exhibition of atlantoaxial joint and arthrodesis approach of dogs through ventral access.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma variação na técnica de acesso ventral à articulação atlantoaxial para tratamento da instabilidade atlantoaxial sem a secção do músculo esternotireóideo. Foram utilizados 15 cães, pesando entre oito e 12kg, sem raça definida, independente do sexo, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos iguais de acordo com o período pós-operatório (PO) denominados de I (30dias), II (60 dias) e III (90 dias) para avaliações clínicas diárias. A articulação atlantoaxial foi submetida à artrodese por meio do acesso ventral utilizando pinos de Steinmann associados à resina acrílica autopolimerizável. O acesso e a exposição da articulação atlantoaxial sem a secção do músculo esternotireóideo foram realizados sem complicações ou limitações adicionais. Nenhum cão desta pesquisa apresentou tosse, dispnéia, regurgitação, paralisia laríngea ou Síndrome de Horner. Pode-se concluir que a secção do músculo esternotireóideo é um procedimento desnecessário e que não interfere na exposição da articulação atlantoaxial e na realização da artrodese em cães por meio do acesso ventral.
ABSTRACT
This report aimed at evaluating the functional recovery of 33 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of Santa Maria Federal University (HVU-UFSM), from 2004 to 2006. The animals underwent surgical treatment. Data obtained from the dogs included: breed, age, sex, neurological status before the surgery, interpretation of the simple x-ray and myelography, duration of clinical signs, days to walking after surgery, urinary and fecal function and disease recurrence. Neurological signs before the surgery kept for a period smaller than 15 days in 27 (81.8%) dogs. Twenty dogs presented involution of the neurological signs at 30 days after the surgical procedure, six after 30 days, and one dog elapsed 60 days to return walking. One of the twenty-six dogs that had satisfactory functional recovery had urinary incontinence and two of them presented recurrence of IVDD. This study showed that the surgical treatment promotes satisfactory functional recovery in most of the dogs with thoracolumbar IVD; the prognostic for functional recovery after the surgical treatment is better as smaller the degree of neurological dysfunction and the recurrence percentage is lower when submitted to this therapy type.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de 33 cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), no período entre 2004 e 2006. Os dados dos animais incluíram raça, idade, sexo, estado neurológico antes da cirurgia, interpretação da radiografia simples e contrastada, duração das deficiências neurológicas até o procedimento cirúrgico, tempo de recuperação pós-cirúrgico, função urinária e fecal e recidiva dos sinais clínicos. Quanto à duração dos sinais neurológicos antes da cirurgia, 27 (81,8%) permaneceram por um período inferior a 15 dias, 20 cães tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos decorridos 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico e seis, com mais de 30 dias, sendo que um desses demorou 60 dias para caminhar. Apenas um (3,8%) dos 26 cães que tiveram recuperação funcional satisfatória apresentou incontinência urinária e apenas um (3%) teve recidiva da DDIV. Pode-se concluir que o tratamento cirúrgico promove recuperação funcional satisfatória na maioria dos cães com DDIV toracolombar. O prognóstico para recuperação funcional após o tratamento cirúrgico é tanto melhor quanto menor for o grau de disfunção neurológica e o percentual de recidiva é baixo em animais submetidos a este tipo de terapia.
ABSTRACT
This report aimed at evaluating the functional recovery of 33 dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of Santa Maria Federal University (HVU-UFSM), from 2004 to 2006. The animals underwent surgical treatment. Data obtained from the dogs included: breed, age, sex, neurological status before the surgery, interpretation of the simple x-ray and myelography, duration of clinical signs, days to walking after surgery, urinary and fecal function and disease recurrence. Neurological signs before the surgery kept for a period smaller than 15 days in 27 (81.8%) dogs. Twenty dogs presented involution of the neurological signs at 30 days after the surgical procedure, six after 30 days, and one dog elapsed 60 days to return walking. One of the twenty-six dogs that had satisfactory functional recovery had urinary incontinence and two of them presented recurrence of IVDD. This study showed that the surgical treatment promotes satisfactory functional recovery in most of the dogs with thoracolumbar IVD; the prognostic for functional recovery after the surgical treatment is better as smaller the degree of neurological dysfunction and the recurrence percentage is lower when submitted to this therapy type.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de 33 cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), no período entre 2004 e 2006. Os dados dos animais incluíram raça, idade, sexo, estado neurológico antes da cirurgia, interpretação da radiografia simples e contrastada, duração das deficiências neurológicas até o procedimento cirúrgico, tempo de recuperação pós-cirúrgico, função urinária e fecal e recidiva dos sinais clínicos. Quanto à duração dos sinais neurológicos antes da cirurgia, 27 (81,8%) permaneceram por um período inferior a 15 dias, 20 cães tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos decorridos 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico e seis, com mais de 30 dias, sendo que um desses demorou 60 dias para caminhar. Apenas um (3,8%) dos 26 cães que tiveram recuperação funcional satisfatória apresentou incontinência urinária e apenas um (3%) teve recidiva da DDIV. Pode-se concluir que o tratamento cirúrgico promove recuperação funcional satisfatória na maioria dos cães com DDIV toracolombar. O prognóstico para recuperação funcional após o tratamento cirúrgico é tanto melhor quanto menor for o grau de disfunção neurológica e o percentual de recidiva é baixo em animais submetidos a este tipo de terapia.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, homologue bone-tendon implants conserved in 98% glycerin were used in the restoration of the cranial cruciate ligament in 24 adult dogs weighing between 15 and 30 kg. The implants were placed in a stratified layer prepared in the femur and the tibia and anchored with polyester filament fastened to the distal and proximal extremities of these bones, respectively. The knee joint was immobilized for a period of 30 days. The animals were distributed into two groups for radiographic, macroscopic and histological evaluation of the implant at 60 days after the operation for group B and at 90 days for group A. There was no evidence in any of the dogs of fragility of the implant, nor radiographic or macroscopic evidence of joint degeneration up to 90 days post-operative.
Na presente pesquisa, foram utilizados implantes teno-ósseos homólogos conservados em glicerina a 98%, na reparação do ligamento cruzado cranial, em 24 cães adultos pesando entre 15 e 30kg. Os implantes foram passados por um leito receptor preparado no fêmur e outro na tíbia e ancorados por meio de fios de poliéster em parafusos fixados respectivamente nas extremidades distal e proximal desses ossos. A articulação do joelho foi imobilizada por um período de 30 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos para as avaliações radiográfica, macroscópica e histológica do implante aos 60 dias (grupo B) e aos 90 dias (grupo A) de evolução pós-operatória. Em nenhum dos cães, houve evidência de fragilização do implante ou evidência radiográfica ou macroscópica de degeneração articular até os 90 dias de pós-operatório.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of low frequency on the vastus lateralis muscle. Eleven dogs were randomly placed in 3 groups: I (control), II (NMES post immobilization), and III (NMES during and post immobilization). The right femoral-tibial-patellar joint was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. The dogs from group III were placed on electrotherapy 3 times a week during (30 days) and post-immobilization (60 days) and the dogs from group II post-removal of the temporary rigid immobilization. The parameters evaluated consisted of: measurement of thigh circumference, joint motion using a goniometer, gait analysis, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and morphometry of the longitudinal muscle fibers of vastus lateralis muscle. The gait analysis was performed daily and the circumference of the thigh, joint motion, and muscle biopsy were performed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 post-immobilization. The blood samples for CK and AST were collected before and immediately after 6, 24 and 48 hours post-NMES on days 0, 1, 7, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. The NMES was employed on the femoral quadriceps muscle group with a frequency of 50Hz post-duration of 300msec on an on-time/off-time ratio of 1:2. There was no significant difference on the gait analysis, thigh circumference, joint motion, and CK and AST values. The greatest hypertrophy change was observed on longitudinal fibers of the dogs from group II (P=0.0005), followed by the dogs from group III. NMES of low frequency causes hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs post-temporary immobilization of the stifle joint, recommending its use in animals with muscular atrophy.
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) de baixa freqüência sobre o músculo vasto lateral, foram utilizados 11 cães, agrupados aleatoriamente em três grupos, denominados de I ou controle, de II (EENM após imobilização) e de III (EENM durante e após imobilização). A articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar direita foi imobilizada por 30 dias pelo método de transfixação percutânea tipo II. Os cães do grupo III iniciaram as sessões de eletroterapia, três vezes por semana, durante (30 dias) e após a imobilização (60 dias); e os cães dos grupos II após a remoção da imobilização rígida temporária. Foram avaliadas a mensuração da circunferência da coxa, a goniometria do joelho, os graus de claudicação, as enzimas creatina-quinase (CK) e a aspartato-amino-transferase (AST) e a morfometria das fibras musculares longitudinais do vasto lateral. A análise clínica dos graus de claudicação foi realizada diariamente. A medida da circunferência de coxa, a goniometria e a biópsia do músculo vasto lateral foram realizadas nos tempos zero, 30, 60 e 90 dias após imobilização. As amostras de sangue para avaliação da CK e da AST foram coletadas antes, imediatamente depois, em 6, 24 e 48 horas após a EENM, nos dias zero, 1, 7, 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90. A EENM foi empregada no músculo quadríceps femoral numa freqüência de 50Hz, com duração de pulso de 300 milisegundos e relação "on time/off time" de 1:2. Não houve diferença significativa nos graus de claudicação, nos valores de circunferência da coxa, na goniometria e no comportamento das enzimas CK e AST entre os grupos. Foi observada maior hipertrofia das fibras musculares longitudinais nos cães do grupo II (P=0,0005), seguidos pelos cães do grupo III. Pode-se concluir que a EENM de baixa freqüência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após a imobilização rígida temporária da articulação do joelho, recomendando-se o seu uso em animais com atrofia muscular.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of low frequency on the vastus lateralis muscle. Eleven dogs were randomly placed in 3 groups: I (control), II (NMES post immobilization), and III (NMES during and post immobilization). The right femoral-tibial-patellar joint was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. The dogs from group III were placed on electrotherapy 3 times a week during (30 days) and post-immobilization (60 days) and the dogs from group II post-removal of the temporary rigid immobilization. The parameters evaluated consisted of: measurement of thigh circumference, joint motion using a goniometer, gait analysis, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and morphometry of the longitudinal muscle fibers of vastus lateralis muscle. The gait analysis was performed daily and the circumference of the thigh, joint motion, and muscle biopsy were performed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 post-immobilization. The blood samples for CK and AST were collected before and immediately after 6, 24 and 48 hours post-NMES on days 0, 1, 7, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. The NMES was employed on the femoral quadriceps muscle group with a frequency of 50Hz post-duration of 300msec on an on-time/off-time ratio of 1:2. There was no significant difference on the gait analysis, thigh circumference, joint motion, and CK and AST values. The greatest hypertrophy change was observed on longitudinal fibers of the dogs from group II (P=0.0005), followed by the dogs from group III. NMES of low frequency causes hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs post-temporary immobilization of the stifle joint, recommending its use in animals with muscular atrophy.
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) de baixa freqüência sobre o músculo vasto lateral, foram utilizados 11 cães, agrupados aleatoriamente em três grupos, denominados de I ou controle, de II (EENM após imobilização) e de III (EENM durante e após imobilização). A articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar direita foi imobilizada por 30 dias pelo método de transfixação percutânea tipo II. Os cães do grupo III iniciaram as sessões de eletroterapia, três vezes por semana, durante (30 dias) e após a imobilização (60 dias); e os cães dos grupos II após a remoção da imobilização rígida temporária. Foram avaliadas a mensuração da circunferência da coxa, a goniometria do joelho, os graus de claudicação, as enzimas creatina-quinase (CK) e a aspartato-amino-transferase (AST) e a morfometria das fibras musculares longitudinais do vasto lateral. A análise clínica dos graus de claudicação foi realizada diariamente. A medida da circunferência de coxa, a goniometria e a biópsia do músculo vasto lateral foram realizadas nos tempos zero, 30, 60 e 90 dias após imobilização. As amostras de sangue para avaliação da CK e da AST foram coletadas antes, imediatamente depois, em 6, 24 e 48 horas após a EENM, nos dias zero, 1, 7, 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90. A EENM foi empregada no músculo quadríceps femoral numa freqüência de 50Hz, com duração de pulso de 300 milisegundos e relação "on time/off time" de 1:2. Não houve diferença significativa nos graus de claudicação, nos valores de circunferência da coxa, na goniometria e no comportamento das enzimas CK e AST entre os grupos. Foi observada maior hipertrofia das fibras musculares longitudinais nos cães do grupo II (P=0,0005), seguidos pelos cães do grupo III. Pode-se concluir que a EENM de baixa freqüência ocasiona hipertrofia do músculo vasto lateral em cães após a imobilização rígida temporária da articulação do joelho, recomendando-se o seu uso em animais com atrofia muscular.