Dating Violence among Undergraduate Medical Students at a Public University in Mexico City: An Exploratory Study.

Gender-based violence (GBV) and cyber-aggression are growing problems in Mexico, but there is a dearth of information on their associated risks. We aimed to determine the prevalence of dating violence (DV) and cyber-aggression in a public campus and compared students' acceptability of abusive DV based on their sex and sexual orientation. We employed a cross-sectional design to survey 964 first-year medical students attending a public university. We analyzed who found "acceptable" abusive behaviors from a dating partner and carried out descriptive analyses of sample characteristics by sex. We included 633 women and 331 men. Homosexual and bisexual orientation was lower among women (1.5%, 4.8%) vs. men (16.9%, 7.2%). Of women and men, respectively, 64.2% and 35.8% reported having been in a dating relationship. Experiencing abusive behaviors in the year prior to the study was associated with students' level of "acceptability". A total of 43.5% of the students who experienced cyber-aggression did not report any mental health consequences, 32.6% did not seek professional help, and 17.4% reported feeling depressed. Students that accepted emotionally abusive DV behaviors displayed a fourfold risk of experiencing physical abuse. Women and sexual minorities are more at risk of experiencing GBV and DV. More male students reported being victims of cyber-aggression.

Características clínicas y factores de riesgo de mortalidad en menores de 18 años con COVID-19 en México y Ciudad de México / Clinical characteristics and mortality risk factors in patients aged less than 18 years with COVID-19 in Mexico and Mexico City

Introducción: En la población pediátrica, el COVID-19 suele ser asintomático o leve, pero puede haber casos graves y mortales. Métodos: Se analizaron datos de los casos de COVID-19 registrados en las bases de datos nacional y regional de la Secretaría de Salud Federal de México y la Secretaría de Salud de Ciudad de México para establecer las características clínicas y los factores de riesgo de mortalidad en la población pediátrica. El riesgo de defunción se calculó mediante el método de regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados: Las bases de datos nacional y de Ciudad de México, respectivamente, registraban un total de 18.465 (2,8%) y de 5.733 (4,2%) de casos confirmados de COVID-19 en menores de 18 años en septiembre de 2020. La edad mediana al diagnóstico fue de 12 años (rango: 0-17). Las diferencias encontradas en los casos registrados a nivel nacional en comparación con los registrados en la Ciudad de México fueron: 12,5 vs. 8,2% de pacientes hospitalizados; 6 vs. 3,5% con diagnóstico de neumonía; 2,4 vs. 1,9% ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y 1,3 vs. 0,7% fallecidos. Los factores de riesgo independientes asociados a una probabilidad mayor de defunción fueron el diagnóstico de neumonía, la hipertensión, la obesidad, la inmunosupresión y la intubación. Conclusiones: En México, el 2,8% del total de casos confirmados COVID-19 se dan en pacientes menores de 18 años, con una mediana de edad de 12 años y una mortalidad del 1,3%. Los factores de riesgo de mortalidad identificados fueron el diagnóstico de neumonía, el ingreso en la UCI, la obesidad, la hipertensión, la inmunosupresión, la diabetes, la enfermedad pulmonar crónica y la enfermedad renal. (AU)

Introduction: In the paediatric population, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is usually asymptomatic or mild, but there are also severe and fatal cases. Methods: We analysed data on COVID-19 cases from the national and state-level databases of the Federal Ministry of Health of Mexico and the Department of Health of Mexico City to determine the clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in children. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to calculate the risk of death. Results: The national and Mexico City databases had recorded a total of 18,465 (2.8%) and 5,733 (4.2%) confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively, in individuals aged less than 18 years as of September 2020. The median age at diagnosis was 12 years (range: 0–17). The differences between cases in the national vs Mexico City databases were: 12.5% vs 8.2% of patients were hospitalised; 6% vs 3.5% had pneumonia; 2.4% vs 1.9% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 1.3% vs 0.7% died. The independent risk factors significantly associated with a higher probability of death were pneumonia, hypertension, obesity, immunosuppression and intubation. Conclusion: In Mexico, 2.8% of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 occurred in individuals under 18 years, with a median age of 12 years and a mortality of 1.3%. The identified predictors of mortality were pneumonia, admission to the ICU, obesity, hypertension, immunosuppression, diabetes, chronic lung disease and renal disease. (AU)

Clinical characteristics and mortality risk factors in patients aged less than 18 years with COVID-19 in Mexico and Mexico City.

INTRODUCTION: In the paediatric population, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is usually asymptomatic or mild, but there are also severe and fatal cases. METHODS: We analysed data on COVID-19 cases from the national and state-level databases of the Federal Ministry of Health of Mexico and the Department of Health of Mexico City to determine the clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in children. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to calculate the risk of death. RESULTS: The national and Mexico City databases had recorded a total of 18,465 (2.8%) and 5,733 (4.2%) confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively, in individuals aged less than 18 years as of September 2020. The median age at diagnosis was 12 years (range: 0-17). The differences between cases in the national vs Mexico City databases were: 12.5% vs 8.2% of patients were hospitalised; 6% vs 3.5% had pneumonia; 2.4% vs 1.9% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 1.3% vs 0.7% died. The independent risk factors significantly associated with a higher probability of death were pneumonia, hypertension, obesity, immunosuppression and intubation. CONCLUSION: In Mexico, 2.8% of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 occurred in individuals under 18 years, with a median age of 12 years and a mortality of 1.3%. The identified predictors of mortality were pneumonia, admission to the ICU, obesity, hypertension, immunosuppression, diabetes, chronic lung disease and renal disease.

[Clinical characteristics and mortality risk factors in patients aged less than 18 years with COVID-19 in Mexico and Mexico City]. / Características clínicas y factores de riesgo de mortalidad en menores de 18 años con COVID-19 en México y Ciudad de México.

Introduction: In the paediatric population, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is usually asymptomatic or mild, but there are also severe and fatal cases. Methods: We analysed data on COVID-19 cases from the national and state-level databases of the Federal Ministry of Health of Mexico and the Department of Health of Mexico City to determine the clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality in children. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to calculate the risk of death. Results: The national and Mexico City databases had recorded a total of 18,465 (2.8%) and 5,733 (4.2%) confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively, in individuals aged less than 18 years as of September 2020. The median age at diagnosis was 12 years (range: 0-17). The differences between cases in the national vs Mexico City databases were: 12.5% vs 8.2% of patients were hospitalised; 6% vs 3.5% had pneumonia; 2.4% vs 1.9% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 1.3% vs 0.7% died. The independent risk factors significantly associated with a higher probability of death were pneumonia, hypertension, obesity, immunosuppression and intubation. Conclusion: In Mexico, 2.8% of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 occurred in individuals under 18 years, with a median age of 12 years and a mortality of 1.3%. The identified predictors of mortality were pneumonia, admission to the ICU, obesity, hypertension, immunosuppression, diabetes, chronic lung disease and renal disease.

[Long-term survival related to cognitive performance in older adults treated at a tertiary hospital level]. / Sobrevida a largo plazo relacionada con el desempeño cognoscitivo en adultos mayores atendidos en un hospital de enseñanza de tercer nivel.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between cognitive performance and long-term survival in an elderly Mexican population sample. METHODS: In this retrospective, retrolective and observational study elderly subjects were assessed in the Geriatrics Clinic of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" between January 1994 and August 1999 using a comprehensive geriatric assessment. All 2544 subjects for whom vitality status was known up to September 2002 were included in the analysis. Socio-demographic and health-related information was gathered during the clinical interview, and their emotional and functional status was determined using the Katz, Lawton and GDS scales. Cognition was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), grouping the subjects according to their performance into four groups: normal-high performance, normal-low performance, mild-to-moderate impairment and moderate-to-severe impairment. Vitality status was determined by searching the hospital's clinical records or by telephonic contact with the patient or primary caregiver when needed. RESULTS: Long-term mortality rates increased in a linear fashion as MMSE scores decreased (p < 0.001), even for MMSE scores over 24. This association persisted even after adjustment for comorbidity, depression, functional status and socio-demographic factors. CONCLUSION: Patients showed a progressive decline in long-term survival according to their cognitive performances. MMSE scores between 24 and 27 were also associated with an increased mortality and should not be considered as normal, even if they are not sensitive enough to detect impairment.