ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo: Diversos estudios realizados sobre el linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) han determinado la expresión de la proteína de muerte programada (PD-L1) en las células de Reed-Sternberg-Hodgkin (HRS), con resultados variables. Esta proteína ha adquirido relevancia por su papel en la respuesta inmunitaria en las neoplasias malignas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la expresión inmunohistoquímica de PD-L1 en las HRS y su relación con la edad, sexo, estadio clínico y supervivencia global en una cohorte de pacientes peruanos. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 25 biopsias de pacientes con diagnóstico de LH, lo que permitió determinar la expresión inmunohistoquímica de PD-L1 en las HRS en asociación con la sobrevida global (SG) y los datos clínicos de los pacientes. Resultados: Todos los casos mostraron expresión de PD-L1 en más del 1 %. No hubo diferencia estadística significativa en la SG cuando se comparó dos grupos de acuerdo con la expresión de PD-L1 con punto de corte en 50 %, ni tampoco con el estadio clínico (EC), la edad y el sexo. Conclusiones: Se ha encontrado una alta expresión de PD-L1 en los tumores con LH previos al tratamiento. No se ha encontrado asociación entre la expresión de PD-L1, la SG, la edad, el sexo o el EC. Son necesarios otros estudios con mayor cantidad de pacientes para reevaluar el impacto pronóstico de la expresión de esta proteína en LH.
ABSTRACT Objective: Various studies on Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) have determined programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, with variable results. This protein has gained relevance for its role in the immune response in malignant neoplasms. This work aimed to determine PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression in HRS cells and its relationship with age, sex, clinical stage and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of Peruvian patients. Materials and methods: Twenty-five (25) biopsies from patients diagnosed with HL were assessed, which allowed determining PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression in HRS cells in relation to OS and clinical data of the patients. Results: All cases showed PD-L1 expression in more than 1 % of tumor cells. There was no statistically significant difference in OS when two groups were compared in terms of PD-L1 expression with a cut-off point of 50 %, clinical stage (CS), age and sex. Conclusions: High PD-L1 expression was found in pre-treatment HL tumors. No association was found between PD-L1 expression, OS, age, sex or CS. Further studies with a larger number of patients are necessary to reassess the prognostic impact of the expression of this protein in HL.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/analysis , CD8 Antigens/analysis , Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/analysis , Fetal Proteins/analysis , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology , Receptors, Androgen/analysis , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Cell Adhesion , Cell Proliferation , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Prognosis , Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nucleolar/analysis , Survival Analysis , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
AIM: Evaluation of features related to infiltrating immune cell level in glioblastoma. METHODS: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) through H&E staining, and TILs (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20) and macrophage (CD68 and CD163) levels through immunohistochemistry were evaluated through digital analysis. RESULTS: CD68 (9.1%), CD163 (2.2%), CD3 (1.6%) and CD8 (1.6%) had the highest density. Higher CD4+ was associated with unmethylated MGMT (p = 0.016). Higher CD8+ was associated with larger tumoral size (p = 0.027). Higher CD163+ was associated with higher age (p = 0.044) and recursive partitioning analysis = 4. Women (p < 0.05), total resection (p < 0.05), MGMT-methylation (p < 0.001), radiotherapy (p < 0.001), chemotherapy (p < 0.001) and lower CD4+ (p < 0.05) were associated with longer overall survival. CONCLUSION: Macrophages are more frequent than TILs. Some subsets are associated with clinical features.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Glioblastoma/pathology , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology , Macrophages/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/immunology , Brain Neoplasms/therapy , Child , Cohort Studies , DNA Methylation , DNA Modification Methylases/genetics , DNA Modification Methylases/metabolism , DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics , DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism , Female , Glioblastoma/genetics , Glioblastoma/immunology , Glioblastoma/therapy , Humans , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology , Macrophages/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and Ki67 in brain metastasis lesions, and the effect of adding them to variables of graded prognostic assessment score. PATIENTS & METHODS: Clinicopathological information from 111 medical charts of brain metastasis patients was obtained, and TIL distribution (n = 84), Ki67 index (n = 79) and CD3 TIL (n = 64) were prospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Most frequent TIL pattern was perivascular (67.8%), and median Ki67 and CD3 TIL percents were 30 and 4.8%, respectively. Ki67 ≥15 was associated with shorter survival (p = 0.018) but CD3 TIL was not (p = 0.870). The highest graded prognostic assessment score was not associated with survival (p = 0.648), however, those with low Ki67 and high score was associated with better outcome (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: High Ki67 index in brain metastasis carries a worse prognosis.
