Actionable recommendations from trainees to improve science training.

Over the past 20 years, a series of reports written by groups of senior researchers and administrators have recommended changes to improve the training environments for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers in the United States. However, academic institutions and departments have largely failed to implement these recommendations, which has exacerbated the problems faced by these trainees. Here, based on input from trainees at different career stages, we outline seven practical changes that academic institutions and departments can make to improve their training environments.

Transcultural adaptation of the WHO oral health questionnaire and its validation in chilean children

Introduction: the last edition of the WHO "oral health questionnaire for children" was published in 2013. this is an only-english version, and as such it requires linguistic adaptation and validation to be applied in the chilean population. objectives: to translate and adapt the WHO oral health questionnaire for children to spanish and validate it in a chilean population. methods: a translation and back translation of the original instrument from english to spanish was carried out by four translators. the questionnaire was self-reported as a pilot test in ten individuals. a sample was subsequently selected for convenience taking into account the population distribution, resulting in a final sample of 103 individuals. the internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's alpha, criterion validity with Pearson's correlation coefficient and construct validity with exploratory factor analysis. results: a conceptual and semantic equivalence of the instrument was obtained. women and men accounted for 43.69 percent and 56.31 percent of the sample, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.62, while criterion validity was slightly positive between the total dimensions and the DMFT (r=0.13, p-value= 0.20). the exploratory factor analysis yielded a total of 11 factors that explain 70 percent of the variability in the data. conclusions: the oral health questionnaire has been appropriately adapted to spanish, having conceptual as well as semantic equivalence to the original version, being reliable and valid to be used in a population of 12-year-old chilean children.

Manejo del dolor agudo en el paciente gran quemado: Revisión no sistemática de la literatura / Management of acute pain in extensive burn injury: Nonsystematic review of the literature

Abstract Introduction: Management of acute pain is essential in the treatment of burned patients. Current pain management approaches focus on the control of the somatic component reflecting the insult. However, the injury comprises emotional, physical, and psychological components that require multi-disciplinary management, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions to break the vicious circle of pain and its complications. Objective: To perform a nonsystematic review of the literature on the pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of pain in patients with extensive burns. Methods: Nonsystematic review of the literature published between 2000 and 2016 in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Sciencedirect, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, academic books, and institutional management guidelines. Results: After analyzing the literature, it was found that the management of acute pain in the patients with severe burn injury should be based on a multidisciplinary approach. Conclusions: Management of acute pain in patients with severe burn injury should not focus only on the somatic components of pain but should also encompass the emotional, physical, and psychosocial components, in order to provide comprehensive management, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological.

Resumen Introducción: El manejo del dolor agudo es fundamental en el tratamiento de los pacientes quemados. Los esquemas actuales de manejo de dolor se enfocan en el control del componente somático que refleja la noxa, sin embargo es un evento con componentes emocionales, físico y psíquicos, que requiere manejo multidisciplinario incluyendo intervenciones farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, para romper el círculo vicioso del dolor y sus complicaciones. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión no sistemática de la literatura sobre el manejo farmacológico y no farmacológico del dolor agudo en el paciente gran quemado. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión no sistemática en MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, libros académicos, guías de manejo institucionales, desde el año 2000 hasta el 2016. Resultados: Luego de analizar la literatura se encuentra que el manejo del dolor agudo en el paciente gran quemado debe recibir un enfoque multidisciplinario. Conclusiones: El manejo agudo del dolor en el paciente gran quemado no se debe centrar solamente en los componentes somáticos del mismo, sino que debe extenderse a los componentes emocionales físicos y psicosociales, para brindar un manejo integral, tanto farmacológico como no farmacológico.

E-procurement in hospitals.

This article describes the history, current status, advantages of and opposition to the implementation of e-procurement in hospitals and examines the results of its implementation in a psychiatric hospital.