Economic impact of muscle injury rate and hamstring strain injuries in professional football clubs. Evidence from LaLiga.

The aims of this study were: 1) to describe the total muscular injuries, and specifically HSIs, and their corresponding missed matches; 2) to analyse their economic impact; and 3) to estimate the loss of incomes due to TV rights, in first division clubs from LaLigaTM depending on the expected and actual ranking position during the 2018/2019 season. To do that, a cross-sectional study for season 18/19 and for all players of the 20 Spanish professional football clubs was performed. The economic impact of injuries was estimated considering the missed matches and salary cost of all players and the audio-visual income loss was estimated considering the Spanish Royal Decree of Law (RDL 5/2015). The high number of muscular (270) and hamstring injuries (57) implies a high cost for professional first division football clubs, specifically € 365,811 per month for the former and € 47,388 per month for the latter. In addition, reaching a worse than expected position in LaLigaTM ranking involved a loss of 45,2 million € in TV rights incomes. The high cost of muscle injuries in first division teams justifies the need for multidisciplinary teams that are capable of reducing the number of injuries as well as recovery times.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of treatment with an SPMs-enriched oil on chronic pain and inflammation, functionality, and quality of life in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: GAUDI study.

BACKGROUND: Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), including 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, and 14-HDHA are recognized as potentially therapeutic in inflammatory diseases because SPMs regulate the inflammation process, which leads to, for example; swelling and the sensation of pain. In osteoarthritis (OA), chronic pain is described as the symptom that reduces patients´ quality of life (QoL). The GAUDI study evaluated the efficacy of SPMs supplementation in reducing pain in the symptomatic knee of OA patients. METHODS: This randomized, multicenter, double-blind, and placebo-controlled parallel-group pilot study was performed in Spain and conducted on adults 18-68 years old diagnosed with symptomatic knee OA. Patients were enrolled in the study for up to 24 weeks, which included a 12-week intervention period and a follow-up visit on week 24. The primary endpoint was pain change measured through a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary endpoints included: Pain change evaluation, stiffness, and function according to the WOMAC index; assessment of constant, intermittent, and total pain according to the OMERACT-OARSI score; evaluation of changes in health-related QoL parameters; the use or not of concomitant, rescue, and anti-inflammatory medication; and safety and tolerability assessments. RESULTS: Patients were enrolled in the study from May 2018 to September 2021. VAS pain score was evaluated in the per protocol population (n = 51 patients), in which we observed a statistically significant reduction after 8 weeks (p = 0.039) and 12 weeks (p = 0.031) of treatment in patients consuming SPMs (n = 23 subjects) vs. placebo (n = 28 subjects). In line with the OMERACT-OARSI score, intermittent pain was reduced after 12 weeks with statistical significance (p = 0.019) in patients treated with SPMs (n = 23 subjects) vs. placebo (n = 28 subjects). Functional status as WOMAC score did not significantly change after SPMs or placebo consumption. Notably, patients consuming SPMs showed improvements in all five aspects of the EUROQoL-5, including a significant improvement in the usual-activities dimension. None of the patients required rescue medication, nor were any adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that sustained SPMs consumption reduces pain in OA patients while also improving their Quality of Life. These results also support the safety profile of SPMs supplementation. Trial registration NCT05633849. Registered 1 December 1 2022. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT05633849.

Myocardial Work Index in Professional Football Players: A Novel Method for Assessment of Cardiac Adaptation.

BACKGROUND: The global myocardial work index (GWI), a novel, valid, and non-invasive method based on speckle-tracking echocardiography, could provide value for calculating left ventricular (LV) function and energy consumption in athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively analyzed a single-center cohort of Spanish First-Division football players who attended a pre-participation screening program from June 2020 to June 2021, compared to a control group. All the individuals underwent an electrocardiogram and echocardiography, including two-dimensional speckle tracking and 4D-echo. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of myocardial work in professional football players and its correlations with other echocardiographic parameters. RESULTS: The study population comprised 97 individuals (49 professional players and 48 controls). The mean age was 30.48 ± 7.20 years old. The professional football players had significantly higher values of LVEDV (p < 0.001), LVESV (p < 0.001), LV-mass index (p = 0.011), PWTd (p = 0.023), and EA (p < 0.001) compared with the control group. In addition, the professional players had lower GCW (p = 0.003) and a tendency to show lower GWI values (p < 0.001). These findings could suggest that professional football players have more remodeling and less MW, related to their adaptation to intensive training. Significant differences in GLS (p = 0.01) and GWE (p = 0.04) were observed as a function of the septal thickness of the athletes. Irrespective of the MW variable, the parameters with better correlations across all the populations were SBP, DBP, and GLS. CONCLUSIONS: The GWI is a novel index to assess cardiac performance, with less load dependency than strain measurements. Future GWI analyses are warranted to understand myocardial deformation and other pathological differential diagnoses.

Management of anterior thigh injuries in soccer players: practical guide.

Most of the anterior thigh injuries are contusions or strains, however, some of these injuries can be career ending. Early diagnosis and correct treatment are key to successful outcome. Analyzing injury mechanism and adding both clinical and imaging findings, clinicians can make the right treatment decisions already often in the acute phase of the injury. Low grade contusions and muscle strains are treated well with planned rehabilitation, but complete tendon injuries or avulsions can require operative treatment. Also, neglected minor injuries could lead to chronic disabilities and time lost from play. Typical clinical presentation of anterior thigh injury is swelling and pain during hip flexion or knee extension. In more severe cases a clear gap can be palpated. Imaging methods used are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which are helpful for clinicians to determine more exact the extent of injury. MRI can identify possible tendon retractions which may need surgery. Clinicians should also be aware of other traumatic lesions affecting anterior thigh area such as myositis ossificans formation. Optimal treatment should be coordinated including acute phase treatment with rest, ice, and compression together with designed return-to-play protocol. The anatomical structure involved lines the treatment pathway. This narrative review describes these more common reasons for outpatient clinical visits for anterior thigh pain and injuries among soccer players.

Factores asociados al estilo de vida en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer colorrectal en un Hospital de Chile / Lifestyle Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Patients of a Hospital in Chile

Resumen Antecedentes: el cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte a nivel mundial, siendo uno de los más prevalentes el cáncer colorrectal. Diversos autores concluyen que un estilo de vida saludable previene en un 30 a 40 % el desarrollo de cualquier tipo de cáncer. Objetivo: evaluar retrospectivamente la ingesta de vitaminas C, E, fibra dietética, frutas, verduras, grasas saturadas, nivel de actividad física, sedentarismo, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en sujetos diagnosticados con cáncer colorrectal. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en 22 pacientes. Se aplicaron como instrumentos la encuesta de tendencia de consumo cuantificada, el cuestionario mundial sobre actividad física y la encuesta estructurada de caracterización. Resultados: el consumo de vitamina C fue de 131,8 mg/día; y de vitamina E, de 34,8 mg/día sobrepasando la recomendación diaria admisible (p<0,05). La ingesta de fibra dietética (8,6 g/día) fue menor a la recomendación (p<0,001). La actividad física moderada e intensa fue de 418 y 475 min/sem respectivamente, ambas mayores a la recomendación (p=0,029, p=0,015). Conclusión: una ingesta deficiente de fibra y verduras podría estar relacionada con la oncogénesis colorrectal.

Abstract Background: Cancer is the second cause of death globally and nationally in Chile. Various authors conclude that a healthy lifestyle prevents decreases the chances of developing any cancer by 30 to 40%. Objective: Retrospectively evaluate the intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, dietary fiber, fruits, vegetables, and saturated fats, and well as levels of physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted in 22 participants to establish the lifestyle factors associated with colorectal cancer. Food frequency questionnaires, a global physical activity questionnaire, and structured characterization survey were applied. Results: Vitamin C intake was 131.8 mg/day and vitamin E 34.8 mg/day, exceeding the recommended dietary allowances (p<0.05). The dietary fiber intake (8.6 g/day) was lower than the recommendation (p <0.001). Moderate and intense physical activity levels were 418 and 475 min/week respectively, both higher than the recommendation (p=0.029, p=0.015). Conclusions: Low intake of fiber and vegetables may be related to colorectal cancer.

Eficacia y seguridad de un tratamiento oral a base de mucopolisacáridos, colágeno tipo i y vitamina C en pacientes con tendinopatías / Efficacy and safety of an oral treatment based on mucopolysaccharides, collagen type i and vitamin C in patients with tendinopathies

Introducción y objetivos: La tendinopatía es una lesión frecuente durante la práctica deportiva que cursa con una alteración estructural del tendón. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de un complemento alimentario a base de mucopolisacáridos, colágeno tipo i y vitamina C (Tendoactive(R)) sobre la evolución clínica y estructural de las tendinopatías del tendón de Aquiles, rotuliano y del epicóndilo lateral del codo. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico prospectivo, de tipo exploratorio en fase IV, abierto y no comparativo. Se incluyeron un total de 98 pacientes con tendinopatías (32 de Aquiles, 32 de rotuliano y 34 del epicóndilo lateral) que recibieron una dosis diaria de 435 mg de mucopolisacáridos, 75 mg de colágeno tipo I y 60 mg de vitamina C (equivalente a 3 cápsulas al día de Tendoactive(R)) durante 90 días consecutivos. Mensualmente se evaluó el dolor en reposo y en actividad mediante una escala visual analógica (EVA), la función articular mediante los cuestionarios VISA-A, VISA-P y PRTEE, y se caracterizó ecográficamente el tendón afectado. Resultados: En los 3 tipos de tendinopatía se registró una reducción significativa del dolor tanto en reposo como en actividad desde la primera visita de control (día 30) hasta el final del estudio (día 90). Asimismo el día 90 se detectó una mejora del 38% en VISA-A, del 46% en VISA-P y del 77% en PRTEE (p < 0,001). Simultáneamente se registró una reducción del 12% en el grosor del tendón de Aquiles, del 10% en el rotuliano y del 20% en el tendón del epicóndilo lateral (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que la administración de Tendoactive(R) es segura y eficaz para mejorar los síntomas clínicos y la evolución estructural de las tendinopatías del tendón de Aquiles, tendón rotuliano y tendón del epicóndilo lateral

Introduction and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a diet supplement containing mucopolysaccharides, collagen type I and vitamin C (Tendoactive(R)) on the clinical symptoms and tendon structure of patients with Achilles, patellar, or lateral epicondyle tendinopathy. Material and methods: Between September 2012 and February 2013, a total of 98 patients with tendinopathy were included in the study (32 of Achilles tendon, 32 of patellar tendon, and 34 of lateral epicondyle tendon). The patients received a daily dose of Tendoactive(R) containing 435 mg of mucopolysaccharides, 75 mg of collagen type I and 60 mg of vitamin C (equivalent to 2 capsules per day) for 90 consecutive days, and were followed up monthly during the study period. Clinical assessments included pain intensity, which was assessed at rest and during activity using a visual analog scale (VAS), and also a specific functional scale (VISA-A questionnaire for Achilles, VISA-P for patella, and PRTEE for the elbow). Tendon structure was analyzed using ultrasound, including measurements of cross-sectional thickness of the tendon, paratenon blurring, heteroechogenicity and hypoechogenicity levels, and neovascularization. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain at rest and during activity from the first follow-up visit (day 30) until the end of the study (day 90) for the three types of tendinopathy. The same pattern of response was observed with the functional scales. On day 90 the improvement from baseline was 38% for VISA-A, 46% for VISA-P, and 77% for PRTEE (P <0.001). Simultaneous to the clinical improvement, there was a reduction of the tendon thickness (12% in Achilles, 10% in patellar tendon and 20% in lateral epicondyle tendon; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The overall results show that Tendoactive(R) is a safe and effective treatment for improving the clinical symptoms, as well as structural evolution of injured tendons, as demonstrated in Achilles, patellar and lateral elbow epicondyle tendinopathy

Paciente con blefaritis crónica resistente a los tratamientos oftalmológicos habituales / Resistance to routine ophthalmological treatments in a patient with chronic blepharitis

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Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en estudiantes universitarios de la región centro-occidente, en la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, México / Prevalence of cardiometabolics factors of risk in university students of the region the center west of Mexico, in Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo México

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiometabólicas son causa de 30% de las muertes en el mundo, siete de cada 10 mexicanos tienen sobrepeso u obesidad, condicionantes de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Estudiar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas ''Dr. Ignacio Chávez'' de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo en Morelia, Michoacán. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo, aleatorio y voluntario. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular como edad, sexo, antecedentes heredofamiliares, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, tabaquismo, obesidad, cardiopatía isquémica prematura y actividad física. Resultados: De 141 estudiantes, 67 (47.5%) fueron hombres y 74 (52.5%) mujeres, el promedio de edad (homogéneo 22.66 ± 0.18 varones y 22.23 ± 0.10 mujeres). Fumadores mujeres 9 (6.38%) y hombres 15 (10.63%); el perímetro abdominal en 5 hombres (3.5 %) fue > 102 cm, y en 13 mujeres (9.20%) > 88 cm. El valor de colesterol total normal en mujeres fue de 73 (51.80%) y en hombres de 64 (45.40%). Conclusiones: Un porcentaje elevado de universitarios presentaron sobrepeso, obesidad, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial y alteración del perfil lipídico. Algunos factores de riesgo son modificables con cambios de estilo de vida. Es necesario que autoridades en salud y educación tomen medidas para establecer estilos de vida saludables.

Introduction: The cardiometabolics diseases cause 30% of deaths in the world, seven of ten Mexicans have overweight or obesity, conditioners of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To study prevalence of cardiometabolics factors of risk in students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences and Biological ''Dr. Ignacio Chávez'', in Morelia, Michoacán. Material and Methods: Study cross-sectional, descriptive, random and voluntary epidemiologist, familiars here to factors of cardiometabolics risk like the age, sex, antecedents, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco addiction, obesity, premature ischemic cardiopathy and physical activity were evaluated. Results: Of 141 students 67 (47.5%) men and 74 (52.5%) women, homogenous average of age men 22.66 ± 0.10 women, 22.23 ± 0.18 women 9 (6.38%) and men 15 (10.63%) are smokers. The abdominal risk in man 5 (3.50) of ( > 102 cm), and women 13 (9.20%) ( > 88 cm). The value of normal total cholesterol was in women 73 (51.80%) and in men 64 (45.40%). Conclusions: A lifted percentage of college students presented/displayed overweight, obesity, tobacco addiction, arterial hypertension and alteration of the lipoid profile. Some factors of risk are modifiable with changes of life style, is necessary that authorities in health and education take measures to establish healthful styles of life.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en poblaciones: Rural, suburbana y urbana de los estados de Guanajuato y Michoacán / Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in rural, suburban and urban areas of the states of Guanajuato and Michoacan, Mexico

Introducción: Desconocemos la prevalencia de la enfermedad cardiovascular y factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en poblaciones: rurales, suburbanas y urbanas de los estados de Guanajuato y Michoacán, tienen en común al medio rural exportador de mano de obra a los Estados Unidos de Norte América y a las ciudades urbanas, hábitos como: actividad física inadecuada, consumo de grasas saturadas, inestabilidad laboral; pueden generar tensión emocional, y posible hipertensión arterial sistémica, dislipidemias, sobrepeso, obesidad, estados disglucémicos e incluso tabaquismo, factores de riesgo que varían de acuerdo a costumbres, cultura, y educación en salud de cada población. Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y su asociación con los diferentes tipos de dislipidemias, entre poblaciones: rural, suburbana y urbana de Guanajuato y Michoacán. Material y métodos: Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo, observacional aplicado a 721 individuos de poblaciones rurales, suburbanas y urbanas de Guanajuato y Michoacán. Se registró: edad, género, antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular prematura, tensión arterial sistémica, tabaquismo, mediciones antropométricas, porcentaje de grasa corporal, glucemia y perfil de lípidos. Se obtuvo prevalencia de factores de riesgo y su asociación con diferentes tipos de dislipidemias determinando el riesgo relativo. Resultados: Las prevalencias de factores de riesgo fueron: para el medio rural de Michoacán, la circunferencia abdominal y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Medio urbano únicamente porcentaje de grasa corporal; para Guanajuato medio suburbano índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa corporal y talla. El medio urbano de Michoacán resulto desfavorable contra el rural y suburbano de Guanajuato y Michoacán en porcentaje de grasa corporal. El colesterol HDL resultó inferior en la población suburbana, desfavorable clínicamente para Michoacán, aunque estadísticamente homogéneo. Los triglicéridos clínicamente resultaron elevados y estadísticamente homogéneos para el medio rural, suburbano y urbano en los dos estados. 1.- La dislipidemia aterogénica en el medio urbano se asoció con obesidad, hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico; en el medio suburbano con sobrepeso, hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico y en el medio rural con sobrepeso y síndrome metabólico. 2.- La dislipidemia mixta con prehipertensión y diabetes mellitus en el medio rural; con tabaquismo en el medio suburbano. 3.- La hipertrigliceridemia aislada con sobrepeso en el medio suburbano y urbano, con obesidad y síndrome metabólico en el suburbano y se asoció con tabaquismo en el medio suburbano. Conclusiones: Con los resultados obtenidos se puede sugerir: 1.- En las poblaciones rurales se retome la alimentación tradicional propia de cada región con alimentos naturales, en su mayoría sin la presencia de grasas saturadas y con carbohidratos simples, así como la implementación de planes de actividad física que permitan disminuir la incidencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular para disminuir la circunferencia abdominal, y tensión arterial sistólica en Michoacán. 2.- La población suburbana se encuentra expuesta a estilos de vida diferentes a las poblaciones urbanas y rurales, así como a factores sociales como carencia de recursos económicos para hacer frente a sus necesidades básicas, presencia de estrés laboral o falta de trabajo, alimentación inadecuada con un elevado consumo de carbohidratos simples y grasas saturadas, falta de actividad física, presencia de tabaquismo, falta de acceso o carencia de servicios médicos preventivos y asistenciales, públicos o privados por lo que se requiere favorecer las propuestas educativas en: salud, alimentación, compensación económica y oferta de trabajo para llegar a cambios sustentables en el estilo de vida para aumentar la talla y disminuir el índice de masa corporal en Guanajuato. 3.- La población urbana tiene algunas necesidades satisfechas y de esta manera apreciamos que con menos factores de riesgo, tienen consecuencias más avanzadas como obesidad, hipertensión arterial sistémica, y síndrome metabólico.

Introduction: Unknown prevalence of cardiovascular disease in cardio metabolic risk factors in rural, suburban and urban areas of the states of Guanajuato and Michoacán, which are common to rural work exporter to the United States of America and urbanized cities, habits such as inadequate physical activity, consumption of saturated fats, job instability, which can lead to emotional stress, consequently hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, smoking and even disglycemics states, risk factors that vary according to customs, culture, health and education in each population. Objective: Determine prevalence of cardio metabolic risk factors and their association with different types of dyslipidemia, among populations: rural, suburban and urban areas of Guanajuato and Michoacán. Material and methods: Epidemiologic, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study applied to 721 individuals of rural, suburban and urban populations of Guanajuato and Michoacán, what was registered: age, short, antecedents of premature cardiovascular disease, systemic blood pressure, smoking, anthropometric measurements, percentage of corporal fat, glucose and lipid profile. Results obtained the prevalence of risk factors and his association with different types of dyslipidemia determining the relative risk. Results: The prevalence of risk factors were: for rural population in Michoacán, the abdominal circumference and percentage of corporal fat. Urban population solely percentage of corporal fat; for Guanajuato suburban population the index of corporal mass, percentage of corporal fat and Stature. The results in the urban population of Michoacán are unfavorable against the rural and suburban population of Guanajuato and Michoacán in percentage of corporal fat. Cholesterol HDL was inferior in the suburban, clinically unfavorable for Michoacán, although statistically homogenous. The triglycerides were clinically high and statistically homogenous for rural, suburban and urban population in both states. 1.- Atherogenic dislipidemia in urban population are associated with obesity, arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome; in suburban population with overweight, arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome and in rural population with overweight and metabolic syndrome. 2.- Dislipidemia mixed with prehypertension and diabetes in rural population; and with smoking addiction in suburban population. 3.- Hypercholesterolemia are associated with smoking addiction in suburban population. Conclusions: With these results the suggestion is that rural populations return to traditional foods of each region with natural foods, mostly without the presence of saturated fats and simple carbohydrates, as well as the implementation of physical activity plans that would reduce the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors to reduce abdominal circumference, and systolic blood pressure in Michoacán. The suburban population is exposed to different lifestyles to urban and rural populations, as well as determining risk factors such as lack of financial resources to satisfy their basic needs, presence of work stress or lack of work, inadequate food with a high intake of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats, lack of physical activity, smoking status, lack of access or lack of preventive health services and welfare, public or private, requiring new proposals to promote education of health, food, economic compensation and labor opportunities to reach sustainable changes in lifestyles to increase the height and to lower body mass index in Guanajuato. Finally the urban population has more needs satisfied, with fewer risk factors but advanced consequences as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.

Functional status and inflammation after preseason training program in professional and recreational soccer players: a proteomic approach.

The purpose of the study was to determine if an intensive pre- season training program modifies the inflammatory status in professional soccer players and if this inflammatory profile may be associated with the physical state. We compared plasma protein biomarkers, using proteomics, and the physiological state and cardiac function in 12 professional soccer players and 9 recreational soccer players. Reduced cardiac low frequency [LF] after the pre- season training program previous competition with respect to recreational soccer players was found. No differences were found in cardiac high frequency, cardiac high frequency/low frequency ratio, tension index and oxygen volume consumption. Alpha-1-antitrypsin isotype-3, fibrinogen-gamma isotypes-1, 2 and 3 and vitamin-D-binding protein isotype-1 were reduced in professionals players compared with those in recreational players. However, an increased content of alpha-1-antitrypsin isotype-6 and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin 1 and 4 were found in professional soccer players. Spearman's analysis showed a positive correlation between LF and fibrinogen-gamma chain isotype 3; but LF was negatively correlated with alpha-antichymotrypsin isotype 4. Professional soccer players submitted to an intensive training showed differences in the content of plasma proteins associated with inflammatory/oxidative stress and thrombosis with respect to recreational soccer players. Proteomics analysis in combination with the analysis of cardiac function assessment may be useful to know more in depth molecular processes associated with sport and intensive exercise. Key pointsProteomics allow us to find differences in the plasma protein content in sportsmen.Just after pre-season training program, professional soccer players showed lower content of circulating proteins associated with inflammation compared to recreational soccer players.Proteomic analysis in combination with the analysis of cardiac function may be useful to know more in depth molecular inflammatory and oxidative processes associated with the sport.

Experiencia clinica con ácido hialurónico (hyalgan (r)) en patologia deportiva / Clinical experience with acid hialuronic (Hyalgan) (R) in sports pathology

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