Patología dermatológica facial asociada al uso de la mascarilla durante la pandemia causada por el virus Sars-CoV-2 / Facial dermatological pathology associated with use of the mask during the pandemic caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus

The use of facemask has become a key element to prevent the infection of Covid-19. Its prolonged use, both, by health personnel and the general population, has caused the appearance of multiple adverse effects at the facial level; highlighting the report of symptoms such as discomfort with the mask, facial itching, redness, erythema, among others. The appearance of dermatological diseases such as acne, allergic and irritative contact dermatitis, and exacerbation of pre-existing pathologies such as acne, rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis are also frequent. Knowledge of these complications is important for their prevention and proper management. (AU)

Fluorescence labeling of mitochondria in living cells by the cationic photosensitizer ZnTM2,3PyPz, and the possible roles of redox processes and pseudobase formation in facilitating dye uptake.

The study of labeling selectivity and mechanisms of fluorescent organelle probes in living cells is of continuing interest in biomedical sciences. The tetracationic phthalocyanine-like ZnTM2,3PyPz photosensitizing dye induces a selective violet fluorescence in mitochondria of living HeLa cells under UV excitation that is due to co-localization of the red signal of the dye with NAD(P)H blue autofluorescence. Both red and blue signals co-localize with the green emission of the mitochondria probe, rhodamine 123. Microscopic observation of mitochondria was improved using image processing and analysis methods. High dye concentration and prolonged incubation time were required to achieve optimal mitochondrial labeling. ZnTM2,3PyPz is a highly cationic, hydrophilic dye, which makes ready entry into living cells unlikely. Redox color changes in solutions of the dye indicate that colorless products are formed by reduction. Spectroscopic studies of dye solutions showed that cycles of alkaline titration from pH 7 to 8.5 followed by acidification to pH 7 first lower, then restore the 640 nm absorption peak by approximately 90%, which can be explained by formation of pseudobases. Both reduction and pseudobase formation result in formation of less highly charged and more lipophilic (cell permeant) derivatives in equilibrium with the parent dye. Some of these are predicted to be lipophilic and therefore membrane-permeant; consequently, low concentrations of such species could be responsible for slow uptake and accumulation in mitochondria of living cells. We discuss the wider implications of such phenomena for uptake of hydrophilic fluorescent probes into living cells.

Novel giardicidal compounds bearing proton pump inhibitor scaffold proceeding through triosephosphate isomerase inactivation.

Giardiasis is a worldwide parasitic disease that affects mainly children and immunosuppressed people. Side effects and the emergence of resistance over current used drugs make imperative looking for new antiparasitics through discovering of new biological targets and designing of novel drugs. Recently, it has determined that gastric proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) have anti-giardiasic activity. The glycolytic enzyme, triosephosphate isomerase (GlTIM), is one of its potential targets. Therefore, we employed the scaffold of PPI to design new compounds aimed to increase their antigiardial capacity by inactivating GlTIM. Here we demonstrated that two novel PPI-derivatives (BHO2 and BHO3), have better anti-giardiasic activity than omeprazole in concentrations around 120-130 µM, without cytotoxic effect on mammal cell cultures. The derivatives inactivated GlTIM through the chemical modification of Cys222 promoting local structural changes in the enzyme. Furthermore, derivatives forms adducts linked to Cys residues through a C-S bond. We demonstrated that PPI can be used as scaffolds to design better antiparasitic molecules; we also are proposing a molecular mechanism of reaction for these novel derivatives.

Patient-derived xenografts for childhood solid tumors: a valuable tool to test new drugs and personalize treatments.

The use of preclinical models is essential in translational cancer research and especially important in pediatric cancer given the low incidence of each particular type of cancer. Cell line cultures have led to significant advances in cancer biology. However, cell lines have adapted to growth in artificial culture conditions, thereby undergoing genetic and phenotypic changes which may hinder the translational application. Tumor grafts developed in mice from patient tumor tissues, generally known as patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), are interesting alternative approaches to reproducing the biology of the original tumor. This review is focused on highlighting the interest of PDX models in pediatric cancer research and supporting strategies of personalized medicine. This review provides: (1) a description of the background of PDX in cancer, (2) the particular case of PDX in pediatric cancer, (3) how PDX can improve personalized medicine strategies, (4) new methods to increase engraftment, and, finally, (5) concluding remarks.

[Neurological manifestations in patients with cancer: more than 17,000 reasons for consultation]. / Manifestaciones neurologicas en pacientes con cancer: mas de 17.000 motivos de consulta.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in our population; neurologic manifestations are frequent and are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. AIM: To describe the neurological manifestations in patients with cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2014 a database was created from patients with cancer, required a neuro-oncological assessment at a referral cancer center. RESULTS: 17,092 reasons for neuro-oncological consultation are described. Neoplasms most frequently associated with neurological manifestations were: breast cancer, hematologic malignancies, primary central nervous system tumors, lung cancer and gynecological malignancies. The most frequent neurological manifestations were: neuromuscular disease (including neuropathy), central nervous system metastasis, primary headaches, seizures, stroke and primary neurological tumors. CONCLUSION: It is important that neurologists, physicians and those involved in the management of patients with cancer recognize and get to know the neurological complications.

TITLE: Manifestaciones neurologicas en pacientes con cancer: mas de 17.000 motivos de consulta.Introduccion. El cancer es una de las primeras causas de muerte en nuestra poblacion. Las complicaciones neurologicas asociadas son frecuentes e incrementan significativamente la morbilidad y la mortalidad de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir las manifestaciones neurologicas en pacientes con cancer. Pacientes y metodos. Desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2014 se creo una base de datos de pacientes con cancer que merecian una valoracion por neurooncologia en un centro de referencia. Resultados. Se describen 17.092 motivos de consulta de neurooncologia. Las neoplasias que mas se relacionaron con manifestaciones neurologicas fueron: cancer de mama, neoplasias hematologicas, tumores primarios del sistema nervioso central, cancer de pulmon y neoplasias ginecologicas. Las manifestaciones neurologicas mas frecuentes fueron: afeccion neuromuscular, actividad tumoral en el sistema nervioso central, cefalea primaria, crisis convulsivas, enfermedad vascular cerebral y tumores neurologicos primarios. Conclusiones. Es importante que los neurologos, medicos de distintas areas de la medicina y personal paramedico, involucrados en el manejo de estos pacientes, reconozcan las complicaciones neurologicas de manera temprana.

Specific Antigens by Federal Entity in Patients at the Transplant Unit of Specialities Hospital, National Medical Center Twenty-First Century, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The study of the kidney transplant involves understanding the immunologic basis, such as histocompatibility and the genetic basis of a population. In Mexico, the study of the genetic basis has led to a genetic map by federal entities. METHODS: We performed an HLA study with 1,276 kidney transplant patients (recipients and donors) in the Hospital of the National Medical Center Twenty-First Century, determining HLA class I (A, B, and Cw) and class II (DRß1 and DQß1) antigens with the use of SSOP-PCR. A descriptive analysis was conducted with measures of central tendency (mean, SD). RESULTS: Of 1,276 HLA patients studied, we obtained 2,552 results for each class by the composition of the 2 haplotypes, and for HLA-Cw we processed 796 patients, for a total of 1,592 antigens for this class. We found antigens specific to each federal entity, and it was found that the Federal District had the highest number of specific antigens (10) followed by Morelos (7), Querétaro and Mexico State (3 each), and Tamaulipas, Aguascalientes, Michoacán, Guerrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca (1 each). CONCLUSIONS: The genetic map allows us to know proportions of antigens in every state in the center and south of Mexico owing to the diversity and area of influence of the National Medical Center XXIst Century, as well as the wide number of patients. Furthermore, there are still preserved proportionally distinct genetic roots in every entity.

Does small-sided-games' court area influence metabolic, perceptual, and physical performance parameters of young elite basketball players?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of court size on physiological responses and physical performance of young elite basketball players. Twelve male basketball players (18.6 ± 0.5 years; 88.8 ± 14.5 kg; 192.6 ± 6.5 cm) from an under-19 team performed two small-sided games (matches) with different court areas (28x15 m and 28x9 m; 28x15 and 28x9 protocols). The number of players (3x3) was kept the same in each protocol. The players performed a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test before and after each match. Blood lactate concentration was collected before (pre) and after (post) the matches, and the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) was determined 30 minutes after the match. Best and mean time in the RSA test were not different between the 28x15 and the 28x9 match protocols (p > 0.05). A significant difference was observed for lactate concentration from pre- to post-match (p < 0.05) in both protocols (28x15 and 28x9); however, there was no significant interaction between protocols. A similar session-RPE mean score (28x15: 7.2 ± 1.4 and 28x9: 6.6 ± 1.4) was detected for both protocols (p > 0.05, ES=0.41). In summary, the results of the current study suggest that the different court areas induced similar responses. Although there was no significant difference in effort perception, players tended to perceive a greater effort in the larger court size.

Effect of ZNF217 gene polymorphisms on colorectal cancer development in a Mexican population.

The ZNF217 gene, a potential oncogene amplified and overexpressed in several cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), acts as a transcription factor that activates or represses target genes. The polymorphisms rs16998248 (T>A) and rs35720349 (C>T) in coronary artery disease have been associated with reduced expression of ZNF217. In this study, we analyzed the 2 polymorphisms in Mexican patients with CRC. Genotyping of rs16998248 and rs35720349 sites was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 203 Mexican Mestizos, 101 CRC patients, and 102 healthy blood donors. Although no statistical differences regarding genotype and allele frequencies of ZNF217 polymorphisms were observed (P > 0.05), linkage disequilibrium was significant in CRC patients (r(2) = 0.39, P < 0.0001), as a result of reduced AC haplotype frequency. Thus, the AC haplotype may protect against CRC.

1236 C/T and 3435 C/T polymorphisms of the ABCB1 gene in Mexican breast cancer patients.

MDR1, which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, is involved in multidrug resistance (hydrophobic), as well as the elimination of xenotoxic agents. The association between ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in different populations has been described previously; however, the results have been inconclusive. In this study, we examined the association between polymorphisms 3435 C/T and 1236 C/T in the ABCB1 gene and breast cancer development in Mexican women according to their menopausal status and molecular classification. Molecular subtypes as well as allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed. A total of 248 women with initial breast cancer diagnosis and 180 ethnically matched, healthy, unrelated individuals were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to detect polymorphisms 3435 C/T and 1236 C/T in the ABCB1 gene. Premenopausal T allele carriers of the 3435 C/T polymorphism showed a 2-fold increased risk of breast cancer with respect to the reference and postmenopausal groups, as well as triple-negative expression regarding the luminal A/B molecular subrogated subtypes. In contrast, the CT genotype of the 1236 polymorphism was a protective factor against breast cancer. We conclude that the T allele carrier of the 3435 C/T polymorphism in the ABCB1 gene in combination with an estrogen receptor-negative status may be an important risk factor for breast cancer development in premenopausal women.

Pendulous Crop in Broilers

Pendulous crop is a physiological disorder, which etiology is still unknown and it is characterized by abnormal dilation of the crop of poultry. This article aims at reporting a case of high incidence of pendulous crop in male and female broilers Cobb 500, as well as to discuss its possible causes and consequences. In an experiment with broilers performed at the experimental facilities of Laboratório de Ensino Zootécnico of UFRGS, a high incidence (9.5%) of pendulous crop was observed. Genetic predisposition is the most frequently documented and accepted cause of that condition. Despite presenting the same live weight as normal broilers, birds with pendulous crop had lower carcass weight due to dehydration and malnourishment, and should be culled after diagnosis. Therefore, further studies on the origin and control of this physiological disorder are warranted.

Pendulous Crop in Broilers

Pendulous crop is a physiological disorder, which etiology is still unknown and it is characterized by abnormal dilation of the crop of poultry. This article aims at reporting a case of high incidence of pendulous crop in male and female broilers Cobb 500, as well as to discuss its possible causes and consequences. In an experiment with broilers performed at the experimental facilities of Laboratório de Ensino Zootécnico of UFRGS, a high incidence (9.5%) of pendulous crop was observed. Genetic predisposition is the most frequently documented and accepted cause of that condition. Despite presenting the same live weight as normal broilers, birds with pendulous crop had lower carcass weight due to dehydration and malnourishment, and should be culled after diagnosis. Therefore, further studies on the origin and control of this physiological disorder are warranted.(AU)

Association between polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase gene and risk of breast cancer in a Mexican population.

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Mexico. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene, the 28-base pair (bp) tandem repeat in the TS 5'-untranslated enhanced region (TSER) and the 6-bp insertion/deletion in the TS 3'-untranslated region (TS 3'-UTR), increase the rate of misincorporation of uridylate into DNA and may lead to chromosomal damage. We examined the association between these polymorphisms and BC risk in Mexican women according to menopause status. Mexican patients with initial BC diagnosis (N = 230) and 145 individuals from a reference general population group (RGP) were included. For statistical analysis, the BC group was divided into pre- and post-menopause groups (PRE and POST groups, respectively). We analyzed both TS polymorphisms (TSER and TS 3'-UTR) using polymerase chain reaction. Finetti analysis was used to evaluate inter-and intra-group differences. The results showed a high frequency for the 3R and ins6 alleles in the BC, RGP, PRE, and POST groups. No significant differences were observed for the TS and TSER genotype and allele frequency distributions between groups. We found that the TSER and TS 3'-UTR SNPs are not associated with BC risk in Mexican patients.

Evaluación de la aceptabilidad del pan reducido en sodio en consumidores de la Región Metropolitana de Chile / Acceptability assessment of bread reduced sodium in the Metropolitan Region of Chile

Introduction: Due to the disturbing increase in cardiovascular disease, in part associated with the consumption of salt, a pilot program was initiated in 2010 between the Ministry of Health, the Federation of Industrial Bakers and the Chilean Association of supermarkets to gradually reduce the amount of salt in bread. Aim: to evaluate the overall acceptability of salt-reduced bread in a pilot program compared with unmodified bread in bakeries of Santiago. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed. Random selection of 5 intervention bakeries and 5 control bakeries. A survey of 175 consumers per group was carried out in order to assess the acceptability of bread in relation to 5 sensory parameters, with a hedonic scale of 5 points. An index of overall acceptability (5-25 points) was developed qualifying as good acceptability a value ≥22 points. Results: Good acceptability was found in all parameters studied. A statistically significant difference was found for the control group in the rating of the flavor (p = 0,01) and global acceptability of bread (p = 0, 02). Multivariate analysis showed better acceptability in persons over 60 years of age (p= 0,02) and in control bakeries (p = 0,01). Conclusions: Better acceptability was found in some parameters in the control group bread, although the sodium concentration is not the only factor to explain the acceptability.

Introducción: Ante el aumento de enfermedades cardiovasculares en Chile, asociadas al alto consumo de sodio, el año 2010 se inició un programa piloto entre el Ministerio de Salud, la Federación de Industriales Panaderos y la Asociación Chilena de Supermercados para disminuir gradualmente la concentración de sal en pan. Objetivo: Evaluar la aceptabilidad del consumidor del pan del programa piloto, en comparación con un pan sin modificar, en una muestra de panaderías de Santiago. Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal. Selección aleatoria de 5 panaderías piloto y 5 controles. Encuesta a 175 consumidores de cada grupo, para evaluar la aceptabilidad del pan con 5 parámetros sensoriales, con escala hedónica de 5 puntos. Se elaboró un índice de aceptabilidad global (5 a 25 puntos), calificando como buena aceptabilidad un valor ≥22 puntos. Resultados: Buena aceptabilidad en todos los parámetros en ambos grupos, con diferencias significativas a favor del grupo control en la calificación del sabor (p= 0,01) y aceptabilidad global (p= 0,02). El análisis multivariado mostró mejor aceptabilidad en mayores de 60 años (p= 0,01) y en panaderías control (p = 0,02). Conclusiones: Se encontró mejor aceptabilidad en algunos parámetros del pan no intervenido, aunque la concentración de sodio no fue el único factor que explicó la aceptabilidad.

Evaluación del programa piloto de reducción de sal/sodio en el pan en Santiago de Chile / Evaluation of the pilot program to reduce salt/sodium in bread in Santiago of Chile

Introduction: Considering the high burden of disease associated with excessive salt intake of the population, Chile initiated a pilot program between the Ministry of Health (MINSAL), the Industrial Bakers Federation (FECHIPAN) and the Chilean Association of Supermarkets (ASACH) in order to achieve a gradual reduction of salt in bread. Objective: To analyze the amount of sodium in bread samples from bakeries belonging to the program and those not participating in Santiago. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with random sampling of two products in five pilot and five control bakeries. Sodium was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the mean was used for analysis (mg/100 g of bread). For comparison the Student's t test was utilized and significance was established at p <0,05. Results: The average sodium concentration in the control group was 597,2 ± 106,4 mg/100 g bread while in the experimental group was 600,9 ± 106,2 mg/100 g bread showing no significant differences between them. There was considerable variability in the levels of sodium in both groups, with values ranging from 403 to 824 mg/100 g. Discussion: The concentration of sodium in the bread was similar in both groups, suggesting a reduction in salt content in the control bakeries. More studies are needed to better understand the national reality in this matter.

Antecedentes: Considerando la alta carga de enfermedades asociadas a un excesivo consumo de sal, Chile inició un programa piloto entre el Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL), la Federación de Industriales Panaderos (FECHIPAN) y la Asociación Chilena de Supermercados (ASACH) con el propósito de lograr una disminución paulatina de la sal con que se fabrica el pan. Objetivo: Analizar la concentración de sodio (mg/100 g) en muestras de pan de panaderías adheridas al programa y panaderías no participantes, del Gran Santiago. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico; muestreo aleatorio de dos muestras de pan en cinco panaderías del programa piloto y cinco panaderías control. Análisis de sodio por espectrofoto-metría de absorción atómica y determinación del promedio de éste en las muestras (mg/100 g de pan). Para la comparación de promedios se utilizó t de Student, considerando significativo un p < 0,05. Resultados: La concentración promedio de sodio en el pan en el grupo control fue 597,2 ± 106,4 mg/100 g y en el grupo intervenido 600,9 ± 106,2 mg/100 g, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Existe bastante variabilidad en los niveles de sodio en ambos grupos, con valores extremos de 403 y 824 mg/100 g. Discusión: La concentración de sodio en el pan fue similar en ambos grupos. La reducción del sodio en panaderías no participantes en el programa, sugiere preocupación de la industria por fabricar un pan más saludable. Son necesarios estudios con mayor representatividad para conocer mejor la realidad nacional.

[Measurement of chromium and cobalt ions in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty]. / Medición de iones de cromo y cobalto en pacientes con artroplastía total de cadera metal-metal.

INTRODUCTION: New metal-on-metal hip replacement models emerged in the 1990 with modifications of the previous designs and alloys. This led to expect a lesser rate of ion and particle release in the body with the resulting decrease in wear, osteolysis and loosening. OBJECTIVE: To measure blood and urine chromium and cobalt ions in a 28 mm metal-on-metal tribology during the first postoperative year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood and urine cobalt and chromium concentrations were measured in 10 patients (13 prostheses) with the atomic absorption method. The etiology was studied and they were functionally assessed with the Harris functional scale. Adverse metal reactions were also assessed. RESULTS: 8 male and 2 female patients, mean age 54.5 years; 6 had primary coxarthrosis, one was post-traumatic, and 3 had avascular necrosis. The final assessment according to the Harris scale was 92 points. Mean blood chromium was 1.26 ng/l, blood cobalt was 1.033 microg/l; (reference values: chromium 1.4 ng/l and cobalt 1.8 microg/l); only one figure, in a female patient, was found to be higher than normal (chromium 21.2 ng/l and cobalt 15.4 microg/l). Mean urine chromium was 0.95 ng/ml, urine cobalt was 0.53 microg/l (Reference values: chromium: 2.0 ng/ml and cobalt 0.5 microg/l). CONCLUSIONS: All patients, with the exception of a female patient, were within the normal ranges. No adverse effect was observed in patients with metal implants with a 28 mm tribology.

Variabilidad genética del virus hepatitis B y su significado clínico / Genetic variability hepatitis b virus, the clinical meaning

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype member of the Hepadnaviridae family, which can cause acute or chronic hepatic illness. The virus has a partially double-stranded DNA genome of3.2 kb. Molecular variations and change in the genome over time have resulted in the emergence of at least eight genotypes and multiple subgenotypes. The distribution of HBV genotypes varies widely across geographic regions, been the genotype F the most prevalent in Chile. In recent years, substantial progress has been made toward understanding the epidemiology and virologic significance of HBV variants. Actually, accumulating evidence suggests that hepatitis B genotypes and subgenotypes can influence the severity, course and likelihood of complications, and response to treatment of HBV infection and possibly vaccination against the virus.

Ultrasonografía Doppler-color en el diagnóstico de las anomalías vasculares de las partes blandas superficiales en pediatría / Color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of vascular anomalies of the superficial soft tissue in children

Las anomalías vasculares de las partes blandas superficiales son frecuentes en el niño y se han clasificado en hemangiomas y malformaciones vasculares, según sus manifestaciones clínicas y hallazgos histológicos. La mayoría corresponde a hemangiomas, se presenta en el recién nacido, desaparece espontáneamente con el tiempo y sólo algunos de ellos requerirán de evaluación médica. Es importante especificar el tipo de lesión vascular para definir el tratamiento, lo que en la mayor parte de los casos es posible con los hallazgos clínicos. Sin embargo, a veces es necesario recurrir a estudios de imágenes para precisar el diagnóstico y los métodos más utilizados son la Ultrasonografía (US) Doppler-color; Resonancia magnética (RM) y Angiografía. La US Doppler-color es un método sencillo, inocuo, no invasivo, que permite diferenciar las lesiones superficiales de aquellas profundas y además permite evaluar la vascularización de la lesión y, de esta manera, lograr una adecuada aproximación diagnóstica. También permite seleccionar aquellos casos que requerirán de métodos más sofisticados, como RM o angiografía. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar la utilidad de la US Doppler en el estudio de las anomalías vasculares de las partes blandas superficiales en el niño.

Vascular anomalies of superficial soft tissues are frequent in children and have been classified in hemangiomas and vascular malformations, depending on clinical and histological findings. Most correspond to hemangiomas, present in the newborn period, which disappear spontaneously with time and only some may require an imaging evaluation. It is important to specify the type of vascular anomaly in order to define management, which in most cases is possible with just clinical findings. Nevertheless, some cases may require imaging studies to define diagnosis, and the most utilized methods are Doppler ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) and angiography. Doppler US is a non invasive, harmless and simple method which allows to differentiate between deep and superficial lesions. It also permits to evaluate vascularization and in this manner; achieve an adequate diagnosis and select those cases that will require more sophisticated methods like MRI or angiography. The main objective of this review is to show the role of Doppler US in the study of superficial soft tissue vascular anomalies in children.

[Rectal endometriosis: entity difficult to diagnose.]. / Endometriosis rectal:entidad de difícil diagnóstico.

Endometriosis is a gynecologic disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity and the uterine musculature. Although the ectopic endometriotic implants are most commonly found in the pelvis, the GI tract is the most common site of extrapelvic endometriosis The diagnosis of rectosigmoid is difficult to make on colonoscopy because of the subepithelial location of the endometriotic implants. We present a case report ofa 38-years-old woman referred with a diagnosis of rectal cancer with large intestine symptoms.Rectal endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of extramucosal rectal masses in premenopausal women, particularly if the patient has gynecological complaints or a history of infertility.

Estudio radiológico simple en el diagnóstico del tumor de células gigantes en población pediátrica: correlación anatomoradiológica / Plain radiological study in giant cell tumor (GCT) diagnosis among pediatric patients: anatomo-radiological correlation

Background. Giant cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon primary bone neoplasm in pediatric patients. Plain radiograph of the affected area is the first diagnostic approach in most cases. Objective. To show radiographic features that could allow the radiologist to suspect the diagnosis of GCT through plain radiological study. Methods. Records from the National Bone Tumor File between 1959 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-nine cases of patients under 20 years with biopsy proven diagnosis of GCT were found. The radiological study was available in 14 cases. Results. From a total of 29 patients, 83 percent were females and 17 percent males. Age ranged from 7 to 19 years, with an average of 16.3 years. In cases with radiological study, 93 percent of them presented epiphyseal involvement of long bones. Osteolytic lesions with metaphyseal extension were the most frequent radiological pattern. One case showed malignancy with metastases. Conclusions. GCT is regarded as an infrequent occurrence in pediatric patients and its diagnosis can be suspected based on plain radiographic findings.

El tumor de células gigantes es un tumor óseo primario, poco frecuente en población pediátrica. En la mayoría de los casos, la radiografía simple es la primera aproximación diagnóstica, por lo que nuestro objetivo es mostrar las características radiológicas que permiten sospechar el diagnóstico del tumor de células gigantes en el estudio radiológico simple. Se analizó retrospectivamente los datos del Registro Nacional de Tumores Óseos, entre los años 1959 y 1999, encontrando 29 casos de tumor de células gigantes histológicamente confirmados en menores de 20 años; en 14 se dispuso de estudio radiológico. El 83 por ciento (24/29) correspondió a mujeres y 17 por ciento (5/29) a hombres, con edades entre 7 y 19 años (promedio = 16.3 años). Radiológicamente, el 93 por ciento mostró compromiso epifisiario de huesos largos y el patrón más frecuente fue osteolítico con extensión metafisiaria.