ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue malignant tumor of mesenchymal cell origin, which usually shows variable differentiation of muscle cells. It is the most common solid sarcoma in children. The most usual site of occurrence are the head and neck regions. RMS presents a variety of histologic features, and so differential diagnosis with other small round cell tumors is needed. Hence, it has been very useful to the field to undertake additional immunohistochemical studies to determine the diagnosis and, on occasions, to assign subtype tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of three databases (Medline, Biological Science Collection and Health & Medical Collection) was carried out with the purpose of analyzing rhabdomyosarcoma cases reported in the literature, specifically with localization in the head and neck regions in children. This strategy allowed us to identify the main anatomical site of appearance, the subtype of RMS, average age, histologic characteristics and immunohistochemistry markers used in a usual and any additional way. RESULTS: According to the selection criteria in this systematic review, twelve articles, and fourteen cases were identified that highlight that the histological diagnosis usually presents cellular heterogeneity. Therefore, immunohistochemistry is needed to confirm the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Histologic characterization is not always sufficient for a conclusive diagnosis of RMS. Therefore, immunohistochemistry is helpful to determine the subtype and consequently, sometimes the behavior, treatment and prognosis. Additional markers may vary according to the institution and the need of particular cases.
Subject(s)
Rhabdomyosarcoma , Child , Humans , Rhabdomyosarcoma/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Prognosis , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
La leucoplasia verrucosa proliferativa (LVP) es de etiología multifactorial, en la actualidad aún no se encuentra un agente etiológico direccional, la alta tasa de transformación maligna a un carcinoma verrucoso es la principal preocupación en estos pacientes, con la presencia de una placa blanca irregular de características verrucoides, que se encuentra en diferentes sitios de la economía de la cavidad bucal. Hasta el momento, no se cuenta con un protocolo estandarizado de tratamiento; los retinoides y fármacos tópicos así como la criocirugía, la terapia láser y la cirugía convencional, han fracasado en la mayoría de los casos con una persistencia de la lesión o recurrencia. Presentamos una revisión de la literatura y el caso específico de una paciente femenina, de 70 años de edad, con una LVP en región de maxilar superior izquierdo y de aparición incipiente en maxilar derecho.
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is of multifactorial etiology; at present there is still no directional etiologic agent; the high rate of malignant transformation to verrucous carcinoma is the main concern in these patients with the presence of a white plaque irregular verrucoid characteristics found in different sites of the economy of the oral cavity, so far no standardized treatment protocol is available for retinoids and topical drugs as well as cryosurgery, laser therapy and conventional surgery have failed. In most cases with a persistent lesion or recurrence, we present a review of the literature and the specific case of a 70-year-old female patient with a PVL in the region of the upper left jaw and incipient right jaw.
