ABSTRACT
Introducción. La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 constituye unade las patologías crónicas más frecuentes en la infancia. Suincidencia está sufriendo un incremento en los últimos años.Objetivo. Describir y analizar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, analíticas y terapéuticas en el momentodel debut de la enfermedad, comparándolas entre gruposde edad de los pacientes que debutan con DM1 en nuestraprovincia.Pacientes y métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias clínicas de pacientesmenores de 14 años con debut de diabetes tipo 1 entre 2007y 2017 en un hospital de tercer nivel. La muestra se dividiópor edades en tres grupos (0-4 años, 5-9 años,10-14 años).Resultados. Se recogieron 64 pacientes con edad mediade 8,15 años (DE 3,41), el 48,4% entre 5-9 años. No se hallarondiferencias de sexo ni patrón estacional, aunque los pacientesde menor edad debutaron más frecuentemente en invierno.No se observó aumento en la incidencia con el tiempo nidiferencias en los síntomas entre grupos. Debutaron concetoacidosis diabética el 36%, fundamentalmente leves.Encontramos un porcentaje menor de anticuerpos IAA yantiGAD de lo esperado y mayor frecuencia de antecedentesfamiliares positivos. Se observó correlación lineal positivaentre las cifras de bicarbonato y cuerpos cetónicos en sangrey las necesidades de insulina por kg de peso (p 0,025 y p0,05, respectivamente). Los niños de menor edad presentanniveles de HbA1c más bajos al inicio de la enfermedad.Conclusiones. En nuestro medio no se está produciendoun aumento en el número de casos de esta enfermedad, aunque los mismos se concentran a menor edad de la esperada (AU)
Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the mostfrequent chronic pathologies in childhood. Its incidence hasincreased in the last years.Objective. To analyze the epidemiological, clinical,analytical and therapeutic characteristics at the time of thediseases onset, and to compare them between age groupsof those patients with Diabetes mellitus type 1 in our region.Patients and methods. Retrospective observational studyby reviewing the medical records of patients under 14 yearsof age with onset of type 1 diabetes between 2007 and 2017in a tertiary-level hospital. The sample was divided by ageinto three groups (0-4 years, 5-9 years,10-14 years).Results. 64 patients were studied, the mean age was8.15 years (SD 3.41), 48.4% of them between 5-9 years. Nodifferences in sex or seasonal pattern were found, althoughyounger children became ill more frequently in winter. There was no increase in incidence over time ordifferencesin symptoms between groups. 36% debuted with diabeticketoacidosis, mainly mild. We found a lower percentage ofIAA and antiGAD antibodies than expected and a higherfrequency of positive family history. A positive linear correlation was observed between the levels of bicarbonateand ketone bodies in blood and the insulin needs per kg ofweight (p 0.025 and p 0.05 respectively). Younger childrenhave lower HbA1c levels at the beginning of the disease.Conclusions. In our centre there is not an increase in thenumber of cases of this disease, although we found morecases at a younger age than expected. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Severity of Illness Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Age Distribution , SeasonsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic infection is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and, if resistant to methicillin (MRSA), is associated with increase in severity and costs to patient and healthcare systems. MRSA colonizes 1-5% of the population, therefore using a screening and decolonisation protocol the risk of periprosthetic infection could be reduced. The objective of our study is to report the results of a preoperative MRSA screening and management protocol utilised at our hospital. METHODS: All patients undergoing a total joint arthroplasty at our hospital were preoperatively screened for MRSA colonization with swab samples of five different locations. Exposure to risk factors were investigated in colonised patients and they were treated for 5 days prior surgery with nasal mupirocin, chlorhexidine sponges and oral tablets. RESULTS: During the 48 months of the study, MRSA colonisation was identified in 22 (1.01%) of 2188 patients operated. The culture was positive only in the nasal swab in 55 patients. In five patients the nasal culture was negative, but they had another positive swab culture (three in the groin and two perianal). None of the patients reported a history of recent antibiotic treatment or hospitalization. CONCLUSION: At our institution, the prevalence of MRSA colonisation is 1.01% in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. Interestingly, our screening protocol included samples from five different anatomic locations, and it is important to highlight that we found patients with negative nares culture and positive cultures in other locations. Therefore, the number of carriers may be underdiagnosed if only nasal samples are obtained. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the new device Amplatzer duct occluder II additional sizes (ADO II AS) for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). BACKGROUND: Transcatheter device closure is the standard care for PDA. Currently available technology is not designed for closure of small PDA in young children. METHODS: From April to July 2011, seven children (five females, median age 1.5 years, median weight 11.4 kg) underwent PDA closure with the ADO II AS. Six had isolated PDA, one had PDA associated with preductal coarctation. We evaluated early and short-term results. RESULTS: All but one PDA was closed via an antegrade approach. Mean fluoroscopy and procedural times were 8.0 ± 3.9 and 49.8 ± 27.9 min, respectively. No complications occurred. Immediate trivial residual shunt was present in one patient. In all devices, the retention disks laid flat against the walls of the pulmonary artery and aorta, without protrusion into the vessel lumen. The echocardiography performed after 24 hr did not show any residual shunt. At a median follow-up of 2 months, the PDAs were completely occluded without obstruction of the pulmonary arteries or aorta. CONCLUSIONS: The new device ADO II AS was safely deployed with complete resolution of the PDA shunt. The lower profile and symmetry of this device allows for venous or arterial approach and smaller delivery catheter size. The ADO II AS might be a preferable alternative for closure of small-moderate PDAs.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization/instrumentation , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/therapy , Aortography , Cardiac Catheterization/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Feasibility Studies , Female , Fluoroscopy , Humans , Infant , Italy , Male , Prosthesis Design , Radiography, Interventional , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Post-traumatic cortical defect appears 3 months after greenstick or torus fractures in children. This entity is asymptomatic and usually located just proximal to the fracture site. The most frequently affected bone is the distal radius. The pathogenesis of this lesion remains unclear but it seems to be caused by an intramedullary fat and blood accumulation beneath a intact periostium. Its diagnosis is based on CT and MR images and no treatment is needed, because its resolution is the rule. There are only 25 cases reported in English literature, we present another one after an epiphisiolysis in the distal radius.
Subject(s)
Osteolysis/etiology , Radius Fractures/complications , Radius/pathology , Casts, Surgical , Child , Female , Fracture Fixation , Humans , Manipulation, Orthopedic , Osteolysis/diagnosis , Radiography , Radius/diagnostic imaging , Radius/injuries , Radius Fractures/therapy , Remission, SpontaneousABSTRACT
A standardized aqueous extract of Panax ginseng radix was tested for its antioxidant effect on primary astrocytes culture on an oxidant stress model generated by H(2)O(2). The results indicated that this extract had a significant effect on the reduction of astrocytic death induced by H(2)O(2). Dose-response experiments revealed that this ginseng extract increased cell viability at a wide range of concentrations. Therefore, we investigated the effects of this extract on antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), on glutathione content (reduced and oxidized forms and red/ox index) and on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Exposure of astrocytes to H(2)O(2) decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and increased ROS formation. Ginseng root extract reversed the effect of almost all of these parameters in H(2)O(2)-injured primary cultures of rat astrocytes.
Subject(s)
Astrocytes/drug effects , Neuroprotective Agents , Panax/chemistry , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antioxidants/metabolism , Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Biological Transport, Active/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Glucose/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Oxidants/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolismABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of recurrent ischaemic cerebrovascular events (stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA)) in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) treated with different therapeutic regimens. We enrolled 86 patients aged 18-60 years with an unexplained ischaemic stroke or TIA referred to our inpatient department in the period May 1994-December 1999. Follow-up lasted until April 2003. Patients were excluded if the stroke or TIA was related to large-artery atherosclerosis, small artery occlusion, major cardiac sources of embolism or other uncommon causes. During a follow-up (mean+/-SD) of 64.1+/-28.8 months (range 8.1-105.6) a recurrent ischaemic cerebrovascular event occurred in 11/86 patients (12.8%) (5 TIA and 6 strokes). Eight events (4 TIA, 4 strokes) occurred in the 59 patients with PFO alone, three (1 TIA, 2 strokes) in the 21 with PFO plus ASA and none in the 6 patients with ASA alone. In the overall population the cumulative risk of recurrent stroke/TIA was 1.2% at 2 years, 5.5% at 4 years, 7.6% at 6 years and 23.6% at 8 years, and was similar in patients with PFO alone vs. patients with PFO plus ASA (9.0% vs. 6.1% at 6 years, 26.0% vs. 23.1% at 8 years; p>0.05). Nine cerebral ischaemic events (4 TIA, 5 strokes) occurred in the 48 patients treated with antiplatelet drugs (7 in patients with PFO, 2 in patients with PFO plus ASA), and two (1 TIA, 1 stroke) in the 17 patients treated with oral anticoagulants (1 with PFO, 1 with PFO plus ASA). No events occurred in patients submitted to transcatheteral closure.
Subject(s)
Heart Aneurysm/complications , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications , Ischemic Attack, Transient/complications , Risk , Adolescent , Adult , Echocardiography/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La cirugía "por etapas" o "de control de daños" ha cambiado conceptualmente el manejo de pacientes en estado "in tremis". estos pueden tener una patología de base traumática, ginecoobstétrica o bien de cualquier otro origen que descompese su sistema cardiovascular o metabólico. Si bien es un concepto fisiopatológico moderno, el origen se remonta a los primeros años del siglo XX. Objetivos: Evaluar la experiencia de nuestro hospital en el manejo de pacientes sometidos a la táctica del "control de daño". Diseño: Estudio de evaluación retrospectiva. Población: pacientes que ingresaron con traumatismos en abdomen y que fueron declarados "in extremis" ante el estado metabólico y/o cardiovascular. Método: Se evaluaron 41 pacientes de los cuales veinte eran traumatismos hepáticos, siete traumatismos pelvianos, cinco traumatismos de hipocondrio izquierdo, otros cinco con traumatismos retroperitoneales en zona ll y otros cuatro con traumatismo duodenopancreático. Resultados: Con una mortalidad global de 18 casos (43,9 por ciento), los que presentaron mayor mortalidad grupal fueron los de hipocondrio izquierdo (60 por ciento) y los retroperitoneales (60 por ciento), finalmente los pelvianos con 57,1 por ciento y los duodenopancreáticos con 50 por ciento. Los traumatismos hepáticos presentaron una mortalidad del 30 por ciento. Conclusiones: Es una táctica clinicoquirúrgica para un grupo reducido de pacientes cuyo estado hemodinámico y/o metabólico presenta alta mortalidad. La indicación de la incorporación del paciente a la sistemática del control del daño es del cirujano. Los resultados obtenidos dependen además de la calidad profesional y técnica de los Servicios de Terapia Intensiva, Anestesia y Hemoterapia. El control del daño mantiene elevada aún la mortalidad. El hecho está relacionado con la condición de extrema gravedad de cada uno de los pacientes. Debe tenerse presente que sólo entre un 5 y un 9 por ciento de los traumatizados graves reúne criterios de aplicación de esta terapéutica
Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Female , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Abdominal Injuries , Critical Illness , Duodenum , Liver/injuries , Pancreas , Pelvis , Retroperitoneal Space , Retrospective Studies , Kidney/injuries , Spleen , Multiple Trauma/surgeryABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La cirugía "por etapas" o "de control de daños" ha cambiado conceptualmente el manejo de pacientes en estado "in tremis". estos pueden tener una patología de base traumática, ginecoobstétrica o bien de cualquier otro origen que descompese su sistema cardiovascular o metabólico. Si bien es un concepto fisiopatológico moderno, el origen se remonta a los primeros años del siglo XX. Objetivos: Evaluar la experiencia de nuestro hospital en el manejo de pacientes sometidos a la táctica del "control de daño". Diseño: Estudio de evaluación retrospectiva. Población: pacientes que ingresaron con traumatismos en abdomen y que fueron declarados "in extremis" ante el estado metabólico y/o cardiovascular. Método: Se evaluaron 41 pacientes de los cuales veinte eran traumatismos hepáticos, siete traumatismos pelvianos, cinco traumatismos de hipocondrio izquierdo, otros cinco con traumatismos retroperitoneales en zona ll y otros cuatro con traumatismo duodenopancreático. Resultados: Con una mortalidad global de 18 casos (43,9 por ciento), los que presentaron mayor mortalidad grupal fueron los de hipocondrio izquierdo (60 por ciento) y los retroperitoneales (60 por ciento), finalmente los pelvianos con 57,1 por ciento y los duodenopancreáticos con 50 por ciento. Los traumatismos hepáticos presentaron una mortalidad del 30 por ciento. Conclusiones: Es una táctica clinicoquirúrgica para un grupo reducido de pacientes cuyo estado hemodinámico y/o metabólico presenta alta mortalidad. La indicación de la incorporación del paciente a la sistemática del control del daño es del cirujano. Los resultados obtenidos dependen además de la calidad profesional y técnica de los Servicios de Terapia Intensiva, Anestesia y Hemoterapia. El control del daño mantiene elevada aún la mortalidad. El hecho está relacionado con la condición de extrema gravedad de cada uno de los pacientes. Debe tenerse presente que sólo entre un 5 y un 9 por ciento de los traumatizados graves reúne criterios de aplicación de esta terapéutica (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Female , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Abdominal Injuries/complications , Abdominal Injuries/mortality , Liver/injuries , Kidney/injuries , Spleen/injuries , Pelvis/injuries , Duodenum/injuries , Pancreas/injuries , Multiple Trauma/surgery , Critical Illness , Retrospective Studies , Retroperitoneal Space/injuriesABSTRACT
Terpenoids are natural products with an important pharmacological interest, which are present in a number of medicinal plants. The species of Sideritis genus are valuable due to their high content in those compounds and they have been used in the Mediterranean area in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer agents. The present study describes a gradient elution reversed-phase method that uses diode array detection to determine ten pharmacologically active diterpenoids occurring in 12 species of Sideritis. First, we studied the chromatographic behaviour of standard diterpenoids to analyse the variation on retention time and the chromatographic properties with the mobile phase. Standard calibration curves were generated by plotting the area of peaks against a concentration range of the compounds. Second, the validated method was applied to the analyses of hexanic and methanolic extracts from 12 species of Sideritis, which were collected from different areas of Spain. Finally, we established for this plant a relationship between their use in folk medicine and their diterpenoid content.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Sideritis/chemistry , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Calibration , Terpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Pharmacological studies have been conducted on the aqueous and methanol extracts of defatted Nigella sativa L. seeds to evaluate their effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and on analgesic activity. The observations suggest that the two extracts of Nigella sativa possesses a potent CNS and analgesic activity (depressant action especially in the case of the methanolic extract).
Subject(s)
Neuropharmacology , Nigella sativa , Pain/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Animals , Body Temperature/drug effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Hot Temperature , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Methanol , Mice , Motor Activity/drug effects , Neuropharmacology/methods , Pain Measurement/methods , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Rotarod Performance Test , Seeds/chemistry , Spain , WaterABSTRACT
Natural products research has lately undergone exponential growth owing to advances in isolation techniques and in synthetic methods design, as well as for the identification of a wide range of biological properties exhibited by these compounds. In the present review, general remarks on the chemical features, biosynthetic pathways, isolation and structure elucidation of terpenoids are briefly discussed. In addition to this, recent work done on anti-inflammatory terpenoids (diterpenoids, triterpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones) with special emphasis on the last new molecular targets evaluated is presented.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Inflammation/drug therapy , Terpenes , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Humans , Molecular Structure , Terpenes/chemistry , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Phytochemical and biological studies aimed at the discovery and development of novel antiinflammatory agents from natural sources have been conducted in our laboratory for a number of years. In this communication, three naturally occurring furocoumarins (imperatorin, isoimperatorin and prantschimgin) were evaluated as potential inhibitors of some macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process. These furocoumarins have been tested in two experimental systems: ionophore-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages serve as a source of cyclooxygenase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase, and mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with E. coli lipopolysaccharide are the means of testing for anti-cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric-oxidesynthase activity. All above-mentioned furocoumarins showed significant effect on 5-lipoxygenase (leukotriene C4) with IC50 values of < 15 microM. Imperatorin and isoimperatorin exhibited strong-to-medium inhibition on cyclooxygenase-1- and cyclooxygenase-2-catalysed prostaglandin E2 release, with inhibition percentages similar to those of the reference drugs, indometacin and nimesulide, respectively. Of the three furocoumarins, only imperatorin caused a significant reduction of nitric oxide generation. Imperatorin and isoimperatorin can be classified as dual inhibitors, since it was evident that both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism were inhibited by these compounds. However, selective inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway is suggested to be the primary target of action of prantschimgin.
Subject(s)
Dermatologic Agents/pharmacology , Furocoumarins/pharmacology , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Animals , Cell Survival/drug effects , Dermatologic Agents/isolation & purification , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Furocoumarins/isolation & purification , Leukotriene C4/metabolism , Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism , Male , Mice , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesisABSTRACT
We performed the Irwin test on some different extracts of the aerial parts of Tridax procumbens L., of the leaves of Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br., of the bark and leaves of Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth. and Gliricidia sepium Jacq. Walp. and of the root and leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. At a dosage of 1.25 g extract/100 g dried plant, the aqueous extracts of bark and leaves of Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth. and G. sepium Jacq. Walp. showed higher activity: decrease in motor activity, back tonus, reversible parpebral ptosis. catalepsy and strong hypothermia.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Asteraceae/chemistry , Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology , Female , Guatemala , Male , Mice , Motor Activity/drug effects , Muscle Tonus/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/toxicityABSTRACT
The anti-inflammatory activity of abietic acid, a diterpene isolated from Pimenta racemosa var. grissea (Myrtaceae), was evaluated in-vivo and in-vitro. This compound significantly inhibited rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and mouse ear oedema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, after oral or topical administration. The inhibition of myeloperoxidase enzyme showed that its topical activity was influenced by neutrophil infiltration into the inflamed tissues (ears). In addition, the effect of abietic acid on some macrophage functions was analysed in-vitro. Non-toxic concentrations of abietic acid inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages, whereas nitrite, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta production were only weakly affected by this diterpene. PGE2 production from A23187-stimulated macrophages was only inhibited at high doses (100 microM) and it failed to modify leukotriene C4 production. These results indicate that abietic acid exerts in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity after oral or topical administration and has partial ability to prevent the production of some inflammatory mediators.
Subject(s)
Abietanes , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Inflammation , Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects , Phenanthrenes/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Administration, Oral , Administration, Topical , Animals , Cytokines/drug effects , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/drug therapy , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/physiology , Male , Mice , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Six diterpenes (three clerodanes, two abietanes and one rosane) were tested for interactions with the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonate metabolism and for effects of nitric oxide production. Two abietane diterpenes, aethiopinone and 11,12-dihydroxy-6-oxo-8,11,13-abietatriene and the rosane lagascatriol showed a remarkable effect on COX-1 pathway of PGE2 release in calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Only the two latter diterpenes showed inhibition on COX-2 pathway of PGE2 release in E. coli LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. In addition, all compounds assayed were inhibitors of LTC4 release with IC50 < or = 10 microM. Clerodane diterpenes were inactive in COX assay. None of the diterpenes assayed, except 11,12-dihydroxy-6-oxo-8,11,13-abietatriene, affected NO production. The results obtained suggest that the cellular mechanisms of action of some of these substances may involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase pathways and nitric oxide production.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Eicosanoids/biosynthesis , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Animals , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Dinoprostone/biosynthesis , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Leukotriene C4/biosynthesis , Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism , Male , Mice , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolismABSTRACT
This investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous and hexane extracts of Sideritis javalambrensis, to which pharmacological properties have been attributed in Spanish traditional medicine. The extracts were applied as eye drops in a croton oil-induced corneal edema model in rabbits. Corneal thickness was estimated before the induction of inflammation and 3, 6, 8, 12, 48, 72 and 96 h after induction. Significant inflammation inhibition percentages were shown during both the acute and chronic stages of inflammation by both extracts and by the reference drug dexamethasone, with most therapeutic effect shown during the chronic phase. However, the hexane extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity from 6 to 24 h post-induction, achieving greater percentage inhibition values during this stage than those obtained for dexamethasone.
Subject(s)
Corneal Edema/prevention & control , Croton Oil , Irritants , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Corneal Edema/chemically induced , Corneal Edema/pathology , Female , Hexanes , Oils , Ophthalmic Solutions , Peru , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rabbits , Solvents , WaterABSTRACT
We report the effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and on analgesic activity of an aqueous extract of Cistus populifolius L. The extract was assayed for effects on spontaneous locomotor activity, methylphenidate-induced hypermotility, motor coordination, exploratory behaviour, rectal temperature and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the hot plate test. The C. populifolius extract at dosages of 286 and 430 mg/kg caused very significant reductions in spontaneous locomotor activity, hypermotility, motor coordination, exploratory behaviour and rectal temperature, and a slight increase of sleeping time was noted in the sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep test. The extract exhibited central analgesic affects in the hot plate test.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/pharmacology , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Male , MiceABSTRACT
The vasodilator effect of eriodictyol (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone), isolated previously from the medicinal plant Satureja obovata Lag., was studied in rat thoracic aorta rings. Eriodictyol relaxed in a concentration-dependent manner the noradrenaline (10(-6) M) and KCl (80 mM) induced contractions. The relaxant effect was more potent in noradrenaline precontracted preparations (IC50 = 6.11 +/- 0.2 x 10(-5) M) than in those precontracted with KCl (IC50 = 2.96 +/- 0.1 x 10(-4) M). Eriodictyol produced weakly concentration-dependent inhibition of the phasic component induced by KCl and noradrenaline while the inhibition of the tonic phase of these contractions was more pronounced. These effects were endothelium independent. In addition, eriodictyol (10(-5) and 5 x 10(-5) M) inhibited CaCl2 cumulative concentration response curves. Eriodictyol weakly inhibited the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and its contribution to the relaxant effect seems to be slight. We have also observed the relaxant effect of eriodictyol on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (10(-7) M) induced contractions both in normal calcium (IC50 = 4.69 +/- 0.3 x 10(-5) M) and calcium-free medium (IC50 = 3.74 +/- 0.4 x 10(-5) M). Finally we studied the effects on protein kinase C (PKC) activity. This flavonoid did not show any activity. These results suggest that the vasodilator effect of eriodictyol in rat thoracic aorta could be partially related to the inhibition of calcium influx or other enzymatic protein subsequent to activation of PKC related to the activation of contractile proteins like myosin light chain kinase (MLCK).
Subject(s)
Aorta/drug effects , Flavanones , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Aorta/physiology , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of the present investigation was to develop a new ocular inflammation model in the rabbit by comparison of the inflammation response induced by the topical application of several irritating agents (carrageenan, Freund's adjuvant, alkali and croton oil). METHODS: The following parameters were determined after the application of each irritant to the eyes of female, white, New Zealand rabbits: Corneal edema and the Tyndall effect (slit-lamp biomicroscopy), corneal thickness (biometer-pachometer) and aqueous humor levels of the prostaglandin E2 (R.I.A), total protein (Weichselbaum technique), albumin, albumin/globulin (Doumas technique) and leukocytes (coulter counter). RESULTS: Croton oil 1-4% (40 microl) produced edema and a Tyndall which showed a proportional increase with croton oil concentration. Ultrasonic pachometer measurement of the variation in corneal thickness (3-168 h) showed a dose-dependent response (p<0.01) from the 8th to the 168th hour. Uveitis and considerable increases in the levels of the prostaglandin E2 (4.50+/-0.40 pg/0.1 ml vs. 260.03+/-2.03 pg/0.1 ml), total protein (0.25+/-0.05 g/l vs. 2.10+/-0.08 g/l), albumin, albumin/globulin and leukocytes were observed in the aqueous humor 24 h after topical application of croton oil 3% (40 microl). All the values obtained were statistically significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The topical application of 3% croton oil (40 microl) was most appropriate for the evaluation of the inflammatory process in the anterior chamber and for the determination of the effects of intraocular penetration. The inflammatory mechanism in this model is thought to involve the activation of the arachidonic acid pathway accompanied by the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier permitting high molecular weight proteins to enter the aqueous humor. Typology: anterior uveitis with corneal edema.
Subject(s)
Cornea/drug effects , Corneal Edema/chemically induced , Croton Oil/toxicity , Disease Models, Animal , Uveitis, Anterior/chemically induced , Administration, Topical , Animals , Aqueous Humor/cytology , Aqueous Humor/metabolism , Carrageenan/toxicity , Cornea/pathology , Corneal Edema/pathology , Croton Oil/administration & dosage , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Eye Proteins/metabolism , Female , Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity , Leukocytes/pathology , Rabbits , Uveitis, Anterior/pathologyABSTRACT
The attempt to retard senescence by environmental manipulation includes the use of nutrients or drugs that decrease the oxidative damage to tissues associated with aging. The effects of esculetin treatment (25 mg/kg, orally for 30 days), a phenolic antioxidant compound, on the glutathione system and lipid peroxidation were examined in liver supernatants from male C57BL/6J mice. The effects of esculetin were compared to treatment with 3,5-di-terc-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), a well-known synthetic phenolic antioxidant. Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in liver supernatants was only increased significantly in esculetin-treated mice compared to control animals, whereas the concentration of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was significantly decreased by BHT treatment compared to the control group. The GSSG/GSH ratio was significantly lower in esculetin and BHT groups than in the control group. The decrease in this ratio was greater in BHT-treated mice than in esculetin-treated mice. Increases in glutathione reductase (GR) activity were observed with both treatments, although BHT resulted in a superior induction of this activity compared to esculetin. The extent of decline in the GSSG/GSH ratio was correlated with the increase in GR activity. The formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), an index of stress, was lower following treatment with esculetin and BHT compared to control mice (although not significant). This index was very similar for both treatments. Based on the level of TBARs obtained in this study, the accumulation of lipid peroxides declines when the GSH levels are enhanced or GSSG levels are decreased. Finally, we found similar antioxidant effects in vivo with esculetin and BHT treatments and a decrease in the oxidative damage evaluated. The enhancement of glutathione status following esculetin treatment could be a possible defense strategy for the organism under 'stress conditions' and may be related to the delay of age-dependent degenerative disorders.
