Community engagement to promote health and reduce inequalities in Spain: a narrative systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to community engagement in health (CEH) across Europe. This study aimed to identify and review CEH interventions to promote health and reduce inequalities within the Spanish context and the key facilitators for these community processes. METHODS: A systematic search in six databases, followed by a forward citation search, was conducted to identify implementation literature on CEH in Spain. Articles were included when engagement occurred in at least two stages of the interventions and was not limited to information or consultation of stakeholders. RESULTS: A total of 2023 results were identified; 50 articles were reviewed full text. Five articles were finally selected for inclusion. Data were extracted on various factors including details of the interventions, results achieved, stakeholders involved and their relationships. A narrative synthesis was performed to present results and support the discussion. CONCLUSIONS: Three main points are discussed: the role of professionals and citizens in CEH interventions, providing training to enable a reorientation towards a CEH practice and the relevance of contexts as enablers for community engagement processes to thrive.

Performance of a Quantitative PCR-Based Assay and Beta-d-Glucan Detection for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Neonatal Patients (CANDINEO Study).

An epidemiological, multicenter, noninterventional, observational case-control study was conducted to describe the performance of serum beta-d-glucan (BDG) and Candida PCR in blood, serum, and sterile samples for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm neonates and to compare these techniques with culture of samples from blood and other sterile sites. Seventeen centers participated in the study, and the number of episodes analyzed was 159. A total of 9 episodes of IC from 9 patients (7 confirmed and 2 probable) and 150 episodes of suspected sepsis from 117 controls were identified. The prevalence of IC was 5.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.1 to 9.3). The mortality was significantly higher in episodes of IC (44.4%) than in the non-IC episodes (11.1%, P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR performed on blood/serum samples were 87.5% and 81.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the BDG results were lower (75.0% and 64.6%). For cases with negative culture results, the PCR and the BDG results were positive in 27 (17.4%) and 52 (33.5%) episodes, respectively. The presence of multiorgan failure, improvement with empirical antifungal therapy, thrombocytopenia, and Candida colonization were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with PCR or BDG positivity regardless of the results of the cultures. Serum BDG analysis and Candida PCR could be used as complementary diagnostic techniques to detect IC in VLBW neonates.

Efectividad de una intervención formativa en prevención de úlceras por presión en una unidad de cuidados intensivos quirúrgica: un estudio cuasi experimental / Effectiveness of an educational intervention in pressure ulcer prevention in a surgical intensive care unit: a quasi experimental study

Uno de los indicadores más relevantes para evaluar la seguridad del paciente es la incidencia de eventos adversos (EA). Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son un EA con una incidencia muy elevada en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la efectividad de una intervención formativa en prevención de UPP a través de la valoración de la incidencia y la gravedad de las lesiones en una unidad de cuidados intensivos quirúrgicos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasi experimental de controles antes-después. Los resultados muestran que la incidencia de UPP disminuye tras la intervención formativa (AU)

One of the most relevant indicators to assess patient safety is the incidence of adverse events (AE). Pressure Ulcers (PU) are an AE with a high incidence in intensive care units. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a formative intervention on prevention of PU through the assessment of the incidence and the severity of PU in the pre and the post intervention periods, in an intensive care surgical unit. We have carried out a quasi experimental study of pre and post controls. The results show that the incidence of PU is lower after the formative intervention (AU)

Ecoeconomía y desarrollo sostenible como conceptos centrales para una propuesta seria al Perú / Ecoeconomy and sustainable development as principal concepts of a seious proposal for Peru

La contundencia de los hechos ha mostrado una verdad indiscutible: la vida en la tierra se sustenta en una cantidad limitada de energía que producen organismos como las plantas verdes. Resulta por ello más urgente que nunca poner en práctica medidas que aseguren el mantenimiento -cuando menos- de tal cantidad de energía. La creciente tasa de deforestación y contaminación (polución), como producto de la "modernidad", permite avizorar un futuro de la humanidad seriamente comprometido y no es necesario siquiera esperar a la generación de nuestros hijos para apreciar sus negativos efectos. A inicios del siglo XXI ya los vivimos e inclusive los podemos cuantificar. Habrá que decidir que hacer para evitar uno de los mayores desastres ecológicos: la asfixia del planeta. Las únicas fórmulas capaces de evitar este desenlace se encontrarían dentro de los que involucra el concepto de Ecodesarrollo o Desarrollo Sostenible, inspirador de la forma más revolucionaria de Filosofía de Estado, la Ecoeconomía. Aquí se ofrecen algunos preceptos fundamentales en los que se sustentan y se hacen notar los peligros de no actuar rápidamente según su consejo en países que como el Perú poseen una enorme magnitud de diversidad biológica (ocupa uno de los primeros lugares entre diez que son mundialmente reconocidos). Por esta característica nuestro país es considerado megadiverso. Para propósitos de Desarrollo Sostenible, la condición de megadiverso en un mundo donde existe una globalización del mercado se considera una enorme fortaleza, capaz de generar - si existe decisión política - una fuente inagotable de potencialidades y oportunidades, que permitirá al país alcnzar significativos y crecientes niveles de bienestar en el corto, mediano y largo plazo.