ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Successful result of treatment in 85% of cases is the target of a Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programme. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors for unsuccessful completion of treatment and deaths of TB cases in Spain. METHODS: Data from the National Surveillance Epidemiological Network. Retrospective study including 5,880 TB cases reported in 2012. Outcomes were classified as: successful (S: cured and treatment completed), potentially unsuccessful (PU: failed, transferred, defaulted, still on treatment and unknown) and deaths. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between epidemiological and clinical factors with PU and deaths as outcome variables. Two different models for nationals and foreigners were adjusted. RESULTS: Successful outcome was 81% in nationals and 79% in foreigners. Spanish TB cases had higher mortality rates than foreigners (8% vs. 2%), and lower percentage of transfers (2% vs. 6%). At multivariate level the risk factors for PU in nationals were: HIV coinfection (OR 1.6 CI95% 1.09-2.29) and previous treatment (OR 2.4 CI95% 1.67-3.53); and HIV coinfection (OR 1.7 CI95% 1.15-2.60), male sex (OR 1.4 CI95% 1.11-1.83) and pulmonary TB (OR 1.6 CI95% 1.22-2.09) in foreigners. Risk factors for death in nationals were: HIV coinfection (OR 2.7 CI95% 1.63-4.54), male sex (OR 1.4 CI95% 1.09-1.89), pulmonary TB (OR 1.5 CI95% 1.13-1.95) and an increasing risk with age (OR 8.9 CI95% 5.16-15.67 in over 45 years group.).; and HIV coinfection (OR 3.2 CI95% 1.53-6.76), male sex (OR 2.2 CI95% 1.01-4.60) and older age (OR 3.4 CI95% 1.81-6.48 in over 45 years group.) in foreigners. CONCLUSION: The rate of successful treatment in Spain does not meet the international target, especially in foreigners. To reduce unsuccessful treatment and deaths it is necessary to improve management in TB-HIV co-infected cases, and those with previous treatment story, pulmonary TB, males and older age.
Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Treatment Failure , Tuberculosis/mortality , Young AdultABSTRACT
Fundamentos: la curación del 85% de los casos de tuberculosis (TB) es uno de los retos de los programas de control de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los factores que influyen en los resultados insatisfactorios y la mortalidad durante el tratamiento antituberculoso en España. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 5.880 casos de TB declarados en 2012. Los resultados del tratamiento se clasificaron en: satisfactorios (RS: curación y tratamiento completo), potencialmente insatisfactorios (RPI: fracaso, traslado, abandono, tratamiento prolongado, desconocido) y fallecimiento. Se analizó la asociación del RPI y mortalidad con variables clínicas y epidemiológicas, mediante regresión logística. Se ajustaron dos modelos según el origen de los casos (español/extranjero). Resultados: los RS fueron 81% en españoles y 79% en extranjeros. Los españoles presentaron una mortalidad del 8% vs al 2% en los extranjeros) y menos traslados (2% vs 6%). A nivel multivariado los factores de riesgo asociados a RPI en españoles fueron la coinfección TB-VIH (OR 1,6 IC95% 1,09-2,29) y el tratamiento previo (OR 2,4 IC95% 1,67-3,53). En las personas extranjeras fueron la coinfección TB-VIH (OR 1,7 IC95% 1,15-2,60), ser hombre (OR 1,4 IC95% 1,11-1,83) y la localización pulmonar (OR 1,6 IC95% 1,22-2,09). Los predictores de mortalidad en españoles fueron la coinfección TB-VIH (OR 2,7 IC95% 1,63-4,54), ser hombre (OR 1,4 IC95% 1,09-1,89), la localización pulmonar (OR 1,5 IC95% 1,13-1,95) y la edad (OR 8,9 IC95% 5,16-15,67 en mayores de 45 años). Y en extranjeros la coinfección TB-VIH (OR 3,2 IC95% 1,53-6,76), ser hombre (OR 2,2 IC95% 1,01-4,60) y la edad (OR 3,4 IC95% 1,81-6,48 en mayores de 45 años). Conclusiones: el porcentaje de resultados satisfactorios del tratamiento antituberculosos en España no alcanza los objetivos internacionales, especialmente en las personas extranjeras. Para disminuir los resultados insatisfactorios y la mortalidad es necesario mejorar el manejo de los sujetos coinfectados TB-VIH, los casos previamente tratados, las localizaciones pulmonares, a los hombres y a las personas de edad avanzada (AU)
Background: successful result of treatment in 85% of cases is the target of a Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programme. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors for unsuccessful completion of treatment and deaths of TB cases in Spain. Methods: data from the National Surveillance Epidemiological Network. Retrospective study including 5,880 TB cases reported in 2012. Outcomes were classified as: successful (S: cured and treatment completed), potentially unsuccessful (PU: failed, transferred, defaulted, still on treatment and unknown) and deaths. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between epidemiological and clinical factors with PU and deaths as outcome variables. Two different models for nationals and foreigners were adjusted. Results: successful outcome was 81% in nationals and 79% in foreigners. Spanish TB cases had higher mortality rates than foreigners (8% vs. 2%), and lower percentage of transfers (2% vs. 6%). At multivariate level the risk factors for PU in nationals were: HIV coinfection (OR 1.6 CI95% 1.09-2.29) and previous treatment (OR 2.4 CI95% 1.67-3.53); and HIV coinfection (OR 1.7 CI95% 1.15-2.60), male sex (OR 1.4 CI95% 1.11-1.83) and pulmonary TB (OR 1.6 CI95% 1.22-2.09) in foreigners. Risk factors for death in nationals were: HIV coinfection (OR 2.7 CI95% 1.63-4.54), male sex (OR 1.4 CI95% 1.09-1.89), pulmonary TB (OR 1.5 CI95% 1.13-1.95) and an increasing risk with age (OR 8.9 CI95% 5.16-15.67 in over 45 years group.).; and HIV coinfection (OR 3.2 CI95% 1.53-6.76), male sex (OR 2.2 CI95% 1.01-4.60) and older age(OR 3.4 CI95% 1.81-6.48 in over 45 years group.) in foreigners. Conclusion: the rate of successful treatment in Spain does not meet the international target, especially in foreigners. To reduce unsuccessful treatment and deaths it is necessary to improve management in TB-HIV coinfected cases, and those with previous treatment story, pulmonary TB, males and older age (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Tuberculosis/complications , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/therapeutic use , Epidemiological Monitoring/organization & administration , Epidemiological Monitoring/standards , Epidemiological Monitoring , Tuberculosis/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Logistic Models , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions , Evaluation of Results of Therapeutic Interventions/trends , Emigrants and ImmigrantsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: European recent data about paediatric tuberculosis point out the importance of evaluate the trends of the disease to study the recent transmission, as well as the necessity of improving the microbiological diagnosis in paediatric cases. The aim of this paper is to study the epidemiology and trend evolution of paediatric tuberculosis in Spain during the period 2005-2009 and to establish the epidemiological differences between adult and paediatric tuberculosis. METHODS: Data reported to the National Surveillance Net (Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica) in Spain was checked. Lineal regression was developed to establish the trend of the disease in all, adult and paediatric cases. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare paediatric and adult cases reported in 2009 and estimate the influence of different factors in the development of the disease. RESULTS: A total 39775, 2690 paediatrics (6.76%) cases of tuberculosis were reported during 2005-2009 period. Paediatric tuberculosis rates showed a slight increasing tendency (y=0.15x+7.8), while adult rates decrease during the period (y=-0.28x+20.2). In 2009, rates were 8.1 and 18.3 cases/100,000 inhab. for children and adults respectively. Paediatric cases presented higher proportion of pulmonary locations (84% vs. 76% in adults) and lower percentages of cases confirmed by culture (51% vs. 82% in adults) and of cases in non-Spanish population (25% vs. 34%). CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric tuberculosis rates showed a slight increasing tendency, while global and adult rates decrease slightly during the period. Tuberculosis disease shows different epidemiology in children and adults, what it is important to take into account to design public heh interventions.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Linear Models , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Population Surveillance , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Fundamentos: Los últimos datos europeos sobre tuberculosis pediátrica señalan la utilidad de evaluar las tendencias para estudiar la transmisión así como la necesidad de mejorar el diagnóstico microbiológico en estas edades. El objetivo es estudiar la epidemiología de la tuberculosis pediátrica en España, su evolución durante el periodo 2005- 2009, y las diferencias respecto con la epidemiología de los adultos. Métodos: Se utilizaron los datos de la declaración individualizada de tuberculosis a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica en 2005-2009. Se estudió la tendencia de las tasas en niños y adultos mediante modelos de regresión lineal. Para estudiar los riesgos asociados a la tuberculosis en niños en relación a la de los adultos, se realizó un análisis bivariado y otro multivariado por regresión logística, empleando los datos de 2009. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se declararon 39.775 casos de tuberculosis, 2.690 de ellos pediátricos (6,76%). La tendencia en las tasas de tuberculosis fue ascendente para la edad pediátrica (y=0,15x+7,8) y descendente para los adultos (y=-0,28x+20,2). En 2009 las tasas fueron 8,1 casos/100.000 en niños y 18,3/100.000 en adultos. Se encontró en niños una mayor proporción de localizaciones pulmonares (84% frente a 76%), menor porcentaje de confirmaciones por cultivo (51% frente a 82%) y de casos extranjeros (25% frente a 34%). Conclusiones: En el periodo de estudio las tasas de tuberculosis pediátrica mostraron una tendencia ligeramente ascendente, mientras que las tasas globales y en adultos la tuvieron descendente . La tuberculosis muestra escenarios diferentes en niños y adultos, lo que hay que tener en cuenta para dirigir las acciones de salud pública(AU)
Background: European recent data about paediatric tuberculosis point out the importance of evaluate the trends of the disease to study the recent transmission, as well as the necessity of improving the microbiological diagnosis in paediatric cases. The aim of this paper is to study the epidemiology and trend evolution of paediatric tuberculosis in Spain during the period 2005-2009 and to establish the epidemiological differences between adult and paediatric tuberculosis. Methods: Data reported to the National Surveillance Net (Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica) in Spain was checked. Lineal regression was developed to establish the trend of the disease in all, adult and paediatric cases. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare paediatric and adult cases reported in 2009 and estimate the influence of different factors in the development of the disease. Results: A total 39775, 2690 paediatrics (6.76%) cases of tuberculosis were reported during 2005-2009 period. Paediatric tuberculosis rates showed a slight increasing tendency (y=0.15x+7.8), while adult rates decrease during the period (y=-0.28x+20.2). In 2009, rates were 8.1 and 18.3 cases/100,000 inhab. for children and adults respectively. Paediatric cases presented higher proportion of pulmonary locations (84% vs. 76% in adults) and lower percentages of cases confirmed by culture (51% vs. 82% in adults) and of cases in non-Spanish population (25% vs. 34%). Conclusions: Paediatric tuberculosis rates showed a slight increasing tendency, while global and adult rates decrease slightly during the period. Tuberculosis disease shows different epidemiology in children and adults, what it is important to take into account to design public health interventions(AU)
