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1.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 26(1): 39-96, ene.-mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407971

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, para la prevención primaria y secundaria, el tratamiento de las lesiones preneoplásicas y el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer gástrico en población adulta, con el propósito de reducir la carga de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: El grupo desarrollador estuvo integrado por profesionales de la salud y tomadores de decisiones. Se construyeron preguntas clínicas contestables y se realizó la graduación de los desenlaces. Se elaboró la búsqueda de la información en MEDLINE; EMBASE y CENTRAL, siendo actualizada el 18 de octubre de 2018. La pesquisa también abarcó otras fuentes de información como la Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología y la lectura en "bola de nieve" de las referencias incluidas. Se contactó a expertos en la materia con el objetivo de identificar estudios relevantes no publicados. Para la construcción de las recomendaciones, se realizó un consenso acorde con los lineamientos propuestos por la metodología GRADE, sopesando los beneficios, los efectos adversos derivados de la intervención, las preferencias de los pacientes y el potencial impacto de las intervenciones sobre los costos. Resultados: Se presenta la versión corta de la "Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención primaria, secundaria y diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico", junto con su evidencia de soporte y respectivas recomendaciones. Conclusiones: Como recomendación central para la implementación, se recomienda erradicar la infección por H. pylori en los pacientes con o sin factores de riesgo, como estrategia de prevención de las condiciones precursoras de cáncer gástrico. La Guía deberá actualizarse en tres años.


Abstract Objetive: Generate recommendations for primary and secondary prevention, treatment of gastric preneoplastic lesions, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer in the adult population, to increase the detection of gastric cancer in early stages. Material and methods: The developer group was made up of health professionals, decision-makers, and a representative of the patients. Answerable clinical questions were constructed and outcomes were graded. The search for information in MEDLINE was carried out; EMBASE and CENTRAL, being updated on October 18, 2018. The search also covered other sources of information such as the Colombian Journal of Gastroenterology and the "snowball" reading of the references included. Experts in the field were contacted to identify studies. For the construction of the recommendations, a consensus was made according to the guidelines proposed by the GRADE methodology, weighing the benefits, the adverse effects derived from the intervention, the preferences of the patients, and the potential impact of the interventions on costs. Results: The short version of the "Clinical practice guidelines for the primary, secondary, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer" is presented together with its supporting evidence and respective recommendations. Conclusions: As a central recommendation for implementation, it is recommended to eradicate H. pylori infection in patients with or without risk factors in whom it is detected to prevent gastric cancer precursor conditions. The Guide will need to be updated in three years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Prevention , Stomach Neoplasms , Consensus , Precancerous Conditions , Risk Factors , Costs and Cost Analysis , Early Diagnosis , Secondary Prevention
2.
J Patient Saf ; 17(8): e1866-e1872, 2021 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32209952

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Reducing the incidence of reportable events with undesirable effects (REUE) is a priority in the hospital environment, which is why reporting systems have been implemented to identify and manage them. Information is required regarding the performance of reporting systems, barriers, or facilitators for reporting and strategies that improve passive reporting. METHODOLOGY: Systematic scoping review of the literature that included studies performed in the population exposed to the occurrence of REUE in the health system (teams, patients, and family). A search was performed in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos, MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE Daily Update, EMBASE, LILACS, and databases of the World Health Organization and Pan-American Health Organization. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were found, 1 systematic review, 2 clinical trials, 8 observational studies, 3 qualitative studies, and 1 mixed study. In 4 of them, the effectiveness of active versus passive reporting systems was compared. The measures to improve the passive systems were education about REUE, simplification of the reporting format, activities focused on increasing the motivation for self-report, adoption of self-report as an obligatory institutional policy, and using specific report formats for each service. CONCLUSIONS: There is information that allows to find differences between the performance of the active and passive reporting systems. The reviewed research articles found that passive techniques significantly underreported adverse events. It is recommended that institutions adopt both active and passive techniques in adverse event surveillance. New studies should be directed to answer the comparative efficiency of the reporting systems.


Subject(s)
Hospitals , Humans , Qualitative Research , Systematic Reviews as Topic
3.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 48(4): e200, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1144311

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Reporting systems (RSs) are the first step to improve patient safety in health institutions, consequently determining their performance is relevant. Objective: To determine the performance in terms of positive predictive value (PPV), the concordance, and the coincidence of passive and active RSs in the detection of true clinical incidents and reportable events with unwanted effects (REUWEs), in a teaching hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional study, assembled in a retrospective cohort, consisting of hospitalized patients (>12hours) in the surgery service, between May and July 2017. The PPV was calculated for the detection of patients with clinical incidents or REUWE in both RS. Concordance and coincidence between RS were determined. Results: The incidence of REUWE from the passive RS was lower than the incidence from the active RS (2% vs 11.8%), the PPV for the identification of patients with clinical incidents and REUWE was similar (PPV patients with clinical incidents: passive 95% confidence interval [CI] 34.6-66.2 vs active 95% CI 45.1-71.7; and PPV patients with REUWE: passive 95% CI 36.8-65.4 vs active 95% CI 29.3-54.9). Concordance was acceptable (Kappa 0.38) and the coincidence of patients and their REUWEs was 15.38%. Conclusion: In the active and passive RSs, the detection of true clinical incidents and REUWE (PPV) was similar and the concordance in the detection of subjects with REUWE was acceptable. However, the coincidence between the REUWEs in the patients detected by each RS was substantially different and should be considered when analyzing the information coming from one or another RS.


Resumen Introducción: Los sistemas de reporte (SR) son el primer paso para mejorar la seguridad del paciente en las instituciones de salud y de allí la importancia de determinar su desempeño. Objetivo: Determinar, en términos de valor predictivo positivo (VPP), el desempeño, la concordancia y la coincidencia de SR pasivos y activos en la detección de incidentes clínicos verdaderos y de eventos reportables con efectos no deseados (EREND) en un hospital de enseñanza de Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal ensamblado en una cohorte retrospectiva constituida por pacientes hospitalizados (> 12 horas) en el servicio de cirugía, entre mayo y julio de 2017. Se calculó el VPP para la detección de pacientes con incidentes clínicos o EREND en ambos SR. Se determinó la concordancia y la coincidencia entre los SR. Resultados: La incidencia de EREND a partir del sistema pasivo de reporte fue menor que la incidencia a partir del sistema activo (2% vs. 11,8%). El VPP para la identificación de pacientes con incidentes clínicos y EREND fue semejante (VPP para pacientes con incidentes clínicos: pasivo, IC 95%; 34,6-66,2 vs. activo, IC 95%; 45,171,7; y VPP para pacientes con EREND: pasivo, IC 95%; 36,8-65,4 vs. activo, IC 95%; 29,3-54,9). La concordancia fue aceptable (Kappa 0,38) y la coincidencia entre pacientes y sus EREND fue de 15,38%. Conclusiones: En los SR activo y pasivo la detección de incidentes clínicos verdaderos y EREND (VPP) fue semejante, y la concordancia en la detección de sujetos con EREND fue aceptable. Sin embargo, la coincidencia entre EREND en los pacientes detectados por cada sistema de reporte fue sustancialmente diferente, lo cual se debe tomar en consideración al analizar la información derivada de uno u otro SR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Risk Management , Notification , Patient Safety , Colombia , Medical Errors , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Hospitals, University
4.
Rev. colomb. enferm ; 18(1): 1-13, 20190401.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1015621

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir la conducta frente a la toma de citología de cuello uterino de las mujeres que acuden a un centro de atención primaria de la localidad de Suba. Metodología: estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal a través de la aplicación de una encuesta a 100 mujeres que asistieron para la toma de la citología a un punto de atención primaria en salud de una localidad de la ciudad de Bogotá. Resultados: el 94 % de las mujeres conoce el objetivo de la prueba, el 60 % de las encuestadas refieren temor al resultado. La principal razón por la cual las participantes deciden no tomarse la citología son barreras socioculturales. Conclusiones: a pesar que la mayoría de las mujeres manifestaron conocer la importancia de realizarse el examen y deciden voluntariamente acceder a él, expresan experimentar diferentes sentimientos catalogados como negativos frente a este; la pena, la vergüenza y el miedo al dolor son impedimentos principales que limitan el acceso a la prueba de Papanicolaou; no obstante, más de la mitad de las participantes refieren sentir temor a los resultados de dicho examen. Palabras clave: neoplasias del cuello uterino; cribado; conducta; prueba de Papanicolaou; cáncer de cuello uterino; ca de cuello uterino; citología vaginal; barreras; examen diagnóstico; prevención


Objective: To describe the conduct of women who attend a primary care center in the town of Suba in regard to cervical cytology Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study through a survey of 100 women who attended a point of primary health care in a locality of the city of Bogotá to take a cytology. Results: 94 % of the women know the objective of the test, 60 % of respondents report fear of the result of the cytology. The main reason why the participants decide not to take the cytology are socio-cultural barriers. Conclusions: Although the majority of women expressed knowledge of the importance of the examination and volun - tarily decide to access it, they express experiencing different feelings categorized as negative in the face of examination: grief, shame and fear of pain are the main personal barriers that limit access to cytology; however, more than half of the partic - ipants report feeling afraid of the results of this examination.


Objetivo: descrever o comportamento frente à citologia de colo do útero das mulheres que vão para o centro de atenção primária da localidade de Suba. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal observacional, através da apli - cação de um inquérito para 100 mulheres que participaram da coleta da citologia em um ponto de cuidados primários de saúde em um distrito da cidade de Bogotá. Resultados: 94% das mulheres sabem o propósito do teste, 60% das mulheres inquiridas mencionam medo do resultado. A principal razão pela qual as mulheres escolhem não realizar a citologia são barreiras socioculturais. Conclusões: embora a maioria das mulheres expresse conhecimento sobre a importância do exame e decida voluntariamente por realizá-lo, elas expressam sentimentos diferentes, categorizados como negativos, diante do exame, o luto, a vergonha e o medo da dor são as principais barreiras pessoais que limitam o acesso ao exame de Papani - colau; no entanto, mais da metade das participantes relatam sentir medo dos resultados desse exame.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Behavior , Papanicolaou Test , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
5.
Educ. med. (Ed. impr.) ; 18(4): 270-275, oct.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194535

ABSTRACT

La presente revisión analiza los aspectos necesarios para la formación de médicos en prevención y detección temprana del cáncer, profundizando en la educación basada en competencias, dada la importancia de este modelo a la hora de diseñar planes de estudio para la formación médica; además, se habla acerca del impacto que genera el fortalecimiento de las habilidades de los médicos en la materia. A lo largo del texto se describen aspectos, tanto en el contexto colombiano como a nivel internacional, con respecto al sistema de educación actual, las falencias encontradas en los planes de estudio de las carreras de medicina, la definición de competencias y la relevancia de este modelo para el entrenamiento de médicos sobre las estrategias de prevención primaria y secundaria del cáncer. Se hace evidente la necesidad de evaluar los contenidos curriculares en materia de prevención y detección temprana del cáncer, resaltando la importancia de la intervención médica a la hora de desarrollar acciones para la prevención y cribado de los principales tipos de cáncer; es necesaria la implementación de planes educativos que faciliten el desarrollo de habilidades en los profesionales y permitan superar los desafíos actuales de la atención médica en esta área


A literature review is presented that analyses the necessary aspects for medical education about cancer prevention and its early detection, placing an emphasis on the competency-based education model and the impact generated through the improvement of medical skills in this area. A description is also presented on the aspects related to the current educational system in Colombia, the flaws found in different medical programs about this subject, the definition of competency-based education, and the relevance of this model when it comes to training physicians on the primary and secondary prevention strategies for cancer. The present review shows the need to evaluate the curriculum contents on cancer prevention and early detection, highlighting the importance of medical interventions when developing prevention and screening strategies for the main cancer types. The need to implement education plans that help to develop competencies in the professionals that will enable them to overcome the current challenges of medical care in this area


Subject(s)
Humans , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Education, Medical, Continuing/methods , Competency-Based Education/methods , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Specialization/trends , Colombia
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