CD200 genotype is associated with clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma.

Immune dysfunction in patients with MM affects both the innate and adaptive immune system. Molecules involved in the immune response pathways are essential to determine the ability of cancer cells to escape from the immune system surveillance. However, few data are available concerning the role of immune checkpoint molecules in predicting the myeloma control and immunological scape as mechanism of disease progression. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical impact of the CD200 genotype (rs1131199 and rs2272022) in 291 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients with a CD200 rs1131199 GG genotype showed a median overall survival (OS) significantly lower than those with CC+CG genotype (67.8 months versus 94.4 months respectively; p: 0.022) maintaining significance in the multivariate analysis. This effect was specially detected in patients not receiving an autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) (p < 0.001). In these patients the rs1131199 GG genotype negatively influenced in the mortality not related with the progression of MM (p: 0.02) mainly due to infections events.

Genetic variants of CTLA4 are associated with clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma.

Immune dysfunction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) affects both the innate and adaptive immune system. Molecules involved in the immune checkpoint pathways are essential to determine the ability of cancer cells to escape from the immune system surveillance. However, few data are available concerning the role of these molecules in predicting the kinetics of progression of MM. We retrospectively analysed polymorphisms of CTLA4 (rs231775 and rs733618), BTLA (rs9288953), CD28 (rs3116496), PD-1 (rs36084323 and rs11568821) and LAG-3 (rs870849) genes in 239 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients with a CTLA4 rs231775 AA/AG genotype showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) significantly lower than those with GG genotype (32.3 months versus 96.8 months respectively; p: 0.008). The 5-year PFS rate was 25% for patients with grouped AA and AG genotype vs 55.4% for patients with GG genotype. Multivariate analysis confirmed the CTLA4 rs231775 genotype as an independent risk factor for PFS (Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.05; 95% CI: 1.0-6.2; p: 0.047). Our results suggest that the CTLA4 genotype may identify patients with earlier progression of MM. This polymorphism could potentially be used as a prognostic biomarker.

Comorbidities at Diagnosis, Survival, and Cause of Death in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Population-Based Study.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of comorbidities in patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and to assess its influence on survival and cause-specific mortality at a population-based level. Incident CLL cases diagnosed in the Girona province (Spain) during 2008-2016 were extracted from the Girona Cancer Registry. Rai stage and presence of comorbidities at diagnosis, further categorized using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), were obtained from clinical records. Observed (OS) and relative survival (RS) were estimated and Cox's proportional hazard models were used to explore the impact of comorbidity on mortality. Among the 400 cases included in the study, 380 (99.5%) presented at least one comorbidity at CLL diagnosis, with diabetes without end organ damage (21%) being the most common disease. 5-year OS and RS were 68.8 (95% CI: 64.4-73.6) and 99.5 (95% CI 3.13-106.0), respectively, which decreased markedly with increasing CCI, particularly in patients with CCI ≥ 3. Multivariate analysis identified no statistically significant association between the CCI and overall CLL-related or CLL-unrelated mortality. In conclusion, a high CCI score negatively influenced the OS and RS of CLL patients, yet its effect on mortality was statistically non-significant when also considering age and the Rai stage.

Population-based survival of lymphoid neoplasms: Twenty years of epidemiological data in the Girona province, Spain.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe survival of lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) in the Girona province (Spain) during 1996-2015. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Girona cancer registry. LN incident cases were registered using the ICD-O-3, following the 2008 WHO classification scheme and HAEMACARE grouping. Follow-up was available until the 31/12/2015. Observed and relative survival (RS) were estimated with Kaplan-Meier and Pohar Perme methods, respectively. RESULTS: 4294 LNs diagnosed over a 20-year period were included in the survival analyses. 5-year RS was 62.3 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 60.4-64.4), and ranged from 88.5%-41.1% according to subtype. Findings were similar between men and women, while survival decreased markedly with age. RS for all LNs improved during the first two periods of study, being 56.5 % (95 % CI: 53.1-60.0) in 1996-2002, 64.8 % (95 % CI: 61.7-68.2) in 2003-2008, and 65.6 % (95 % CI: 62.0-69.5) in 2009-2015. This pattern was mostly attributed to an improved survival of mature B-cell neoplasms, yet only statistically significant differences were reported for follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides estimates of survival in LNs and its subtypes, allowing comparisons between countries. Survival for overall cases improved across the period of study, yet rates are still poor for most subtypes, evidencing the need of therapeutic research programs.