ABSTRACT
Food irradiation is an effective and safe method for preservation and long-term storage, and it is approved for use in over 60 countries for various applications in a wide variety of food products. This process is performed by use of accelerated electron beams, X-rays, or gamma radiation (60 Co or 137 Cs). 2-Alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) are the only known radiolytic products generated from foods that have fatty acids (triglycerides) and are subjected to irradiation. Since the 1990s toxicological safety studies of 2-ACBs have been conducted extensively through synthetic compounds, then and tests to determine if the compounds have any mutagenic activity are strictly necessary. The Ames test was chosen by many researchers to assess the mutagenicity of 2-ACBs. The test uses distinct bacterial cell lines Salmonella typhimurium to detect point mutations at sites guanine-cytosine (G-C) and Escherichia coli to detect point mutations at sites adenine-thymine (A-T). This bibliographic research aims to bring together all the results obtained and a comparison and cell lines used, type of plates, and solvents. This research showed that no mutagenic activity was observed in any of the cell lines and concentrations evaluated by the works of authors, so the 2-ACBs compounds showed no mutagenic substance in concentrations detectable by the Ames test.
Subject(s)
Cyclobutanes/pharmacology , Food Irradiation/adverse effects , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens , Fatty Acids , Gamma Rays , Mutagenesis , Point Mutation , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
This study attempts to examine the folic acid stability after irradiation treatment, under different physical states, pH values, and atmosphere conditions. Aqueous folic acid samples, folic acid in powder, and wheat flour fortified with folic acid were irradiated by an electron beam (E-beam) between 0 (control) and 10.0 kGy. It was realized that the physical state of folic acid plays an important role on its stability toward E-beam processing, being largely unstable in solution, no matter the pH and atmosphere conditions assayed. Otherwise, folic acid in powder showed huge irradiation stability, even when mixed in a dry food matrix, such as fortified wheat flour samples.
Subject(s)
Folic Acid/radiation effects , Food Irradiation/adverse effects , Drug Stability , Flour/analysis , Folic Acid/chemistry , Food, Fortified/analysis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Solutions , WaterSubject(s)
Frozen Foods/radiation effects , Communicable Diseases , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Foodborne Diseases , Radiation, Ionizing , Shellfish , Smegmamorpha , Radiation Tolerance/radiation effects , Trematoda/radiation effects , Fishes , Food Parasitology , Freezing , Public HealthABSTRACT
Este trabalho mostra como o efeito da irradiaçäo gama de 60Co modifica o nível das células peritoneais de camundongos albinos. As células foram obtidas de exudato peritoneal, fixadas e estocadas em ácido acético glacial a 30% contendo 0,05% de cristal violeta. Nos exudatos dos animais testemunhas e irradiados foram feitas análises e contagem dos diferentes tipos celulares nos tempos 1 hora, 3 dias e 6 dias após irradiaçäo com 9,0 Gy. Todas as células da populaçäo do exudato peritoneal mostram uma diminuiçäo 3 dias após a irradiaçäo com 9,0 Gy mas as diferentes populaçöes celulares decrescem em proporçöes desiguais. Os dados reafirmam a discrepância na radiossensibilidade das diversas células peritoneais
