The Association of Alcohol Use and Child-to-Parent Violence in Mexican Adolescents.

Background: Addictions can modify the dynamics, communication, and establishment of assertive relationships in the family nucleus, situations that can cause different types of family violence. A phenomenon of special interest is child-to-parent violence or children's violence toward their parents. This type of violence can be exercised physically (hitting, kicking, shoving), verbally (shouting, blackmailing and insulting) and economically (using a card, stealing money or belongings from the parents). Although is generally supported that child-to-parent violence may be associated with alcohol-induced aggressiveness and lack of control, there is less evidence of a possible differentiation regarding the sex of the parents. Objective: Analyze the relationship and effect of alcohol on child-to-parent violence according to the parents' sex. Methods: This was a predictive study of 265 adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age. Data were collected from social networks using two self-applied instruments (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent-Child Version) programmed with the Survey Monkey® digital platform. Results: Of the adolescents studied, 66.8% had consumed alcohol at some time in their lives; of these, 6.6% had harmful consumption. A positive relationship was found between alcohol involvement scores and economic violence toward the mother and father. The former was supported by regression models where alcohol involvement predicted child-to-parent economic violence directed toward mothers and fathers. Conclusions: It is important to develop activities to prevent alcohol consumption as a risk factor for violence and to promote family integration in adolescents and their families.

Materia virtual sobre adicciones en la Licenciatura en Enfermería: influencia en las creencias e intenciones / Virtual subject on addictions in the nursing degree: influence on beliefs and intentions

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una materia virtual sobre adicciones en las creencias e intenciones del uso de drogas en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería, y compararlo con una asignatura presencial y un grupo que no recibió la asignatura. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental con grupo intervención (GExp: asignatura virtual curso 2020) y controles no concurrentes (GComp1: asignatura presencial; GComp2: no cursan asignatura). Se invitó a participar a todo el alumnado. La asignatura se impartió durante 16 semanas empleando exposiciones, análisis de casos y discusiones grupales entre otras estrategias. Se midieron variables demográficas, de capacitación previa y uso de sustancias. Como resultado se evaluaron las creencias e intenciones del uso de drogas mediante escalas autoinformadas de manera basal y al finalizar la materia. Se realizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial con prueba ANCOVA mixta. Resultados: en el GExp no se identificaron cambios en las creencias acerca del abuso de drogas (p> 0,05), pero sí en las intenciones del uso de sustancias (p= 0,008). Al comparar los efectos con los otros grupos se detectó una interacción entre los factores agrupación y tiempo (p= 0,005), la cual sugiere que los cambios en las creencias a favor de las drogas se registraron específicamente entre quienes recibieron la asignatura presencial. Las intenciones del uso de sustancias disminuyeron en todos los grupos al final del estudio (p< 0,05). Conclusión: recibir la asignatura virtual redujo las intenciones del uso de drogas entre el alumnado, dichos cambios no fueron mayores que en los otros grupos. Las creencias favorables al uso de drogas disminuyeron en el grupo presencial.(AU)

Harmful Use of Alcohol as Predictor of Presex Drinking in Mexican Young College Women.

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify whether the harmful use of alcohol is associated with an increased probability of presex drinking in Mexican young women. METHOD: This was a study with a predictive design. Multiple logistic regressions were performed in a random sample of 304 young college women (between the ages of 18 and 24 years) from Guanajuato and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants completed a sociodemographic data survey and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire. RESULTS: Women with a pattern of harmful use of alcohol were more likely to report drinking before sex (adjusted odds ratio = 4.679, 95% confidence interval [1.619, 13.520], McFadden's pseudo R2 = 25.5%). Further analyses revealed that presex drinking by partners was an even stronger predictor of alcohol use before sexual intercourse in women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.749, 95% confidence interval [4.714, 34.483], McFadden's pseudo R2 = 34.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings demand additional nursing studies to corroborate-and to better understand-the relationship between harmful use of alcohol in Mexican women, their partners' drinking behavior, and unhealthy behaviors like drinking before sexual intercourse.

A Mixed Method Review of Tobacco Cessation for the Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Clinician.

PURPOSE: To systematically survey the literature, describe the current tobacco science, and perform a mixed method review of randomized control trials of tobacco research in the cardiopulmonary population. METHODS: Mixed method review was conducted on major resource databases. Inclusion criteria were English language with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, published between January 1, 2007, and June 30, 2016; adult smokers ≥18 years of age with cardiovascular and/or pulmonary disease; initiation of subject recruitment from hospital or community; tobacco cessation (TC) as the main aim of the study; biometric validation of smoking status; first-line TC medications; and nonpharmacological treatments. RESULTS: The pooling of the 10 studies through forest plot analysis revealed the effect of tobacco continuous abstinence rates significant at 3, 6, and 12 months (total OR = 3.73; 95% CI, 2.58-5.38). Also, tobacco point prevalence rates of TC treatments demonstrated overall effects that were significant at the different end points (total OR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.90-3.64). In both cases, the higher ORs were found in the 3 months end point. Most successful interventions consisted of a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy (predominantly counseling). CONCLUSIONS: The evidence continues to support the recommended first-line TC pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacological practices published in the 2008 national guidelines. Implications for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation clinicians are discussed.

Nursing and Substance Use Disorders in Mexico.

The authors of this article see substance use disorders as a major public health problem in Mexico in which nursing is taking on an increasingly important role in addressing. The authors discuss some the challenges and opportunities nurse researchers, educators, and clinicians face in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders in Mexico.