Harnessing weedy rice as functional food and source of novel traits for crop improvement.

A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables.

Biodentine as BioRoot Inlay: A Case Report.

Aims and background: The success of endodontic treatment in open apex teeth depends on the establishment of an ideal apical barrier so that apical canal space between the periodontium and the root canal system is filled. Biodentine is a calcium silicate-based cement having several advantages over mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), glass ionomer cement (GIC), and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of teeth with open apices. Orthograde delivery of biodentine is technique-sensitive and requires multiple radiographs for verification, as well as retrograde placement of biodentine requires surgical intervention. To use the advantages of biodentine and to overcome the disadvantages of placement techniques, an innovative technique was done to obturate the tooth with an open apex using a custom-fit prefabricated BioRoot inlay in this case report. Case description: In the present case, biodentine has been used as a BioRoot inlay to overcome the disadvantages of various management options of open apex with parallel dentinal walls. BioRoot inlay is an intraradicular custom-made prefabricated restoration which provides the three-dimensional seal of the root canal space and promotes an apical barrier formation in a wide-open apex. This BioRoot inlay, placed passively in the canal, had a good seal laterally and apically along with the Biodentine as sealer forming a monoblock. This sealer helps in sealing milder discrepancies between the plug and the root, providing a three-dimensional seal which had resulted in good healing of periradicular bone. Conclusion: Biodentine, when used as BioRoot inlay, has been shown to induce faster periapical healing. It provides promising results when used in open apices with parallel walls. It establishes three-dimensional obturation and proper apical seal, which promotes effective root-end induction. Clinical significance: It can be considered as the effective and definitive alternative for nonsurgical and surgical approaches to treating open apex. How to cite this article: Thiyagarajan G, Manoharan M, Veerabadhran MM, et al. Biodentine as BioRoot Inlay: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):400-404.