[Palivizumab: four seasons in Russia].

In 2010, the Russian Federation (RF) registered palivizumab--innovative drug, based on monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization of seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children of disease severe progress risk group, which include primarily premature infants, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Currently, palivizumab is included in the list of recommended medicines and medical care standards of different countries, including Russia. In the review the results of Russian research on the progress of RSV infection, its epidemiology and immunization experience gained over the 2010-2014 period are summarized in relation to the foreign data. During the four epidemic seasons palivizumab immunization covered more than 3,200 children of severe RSV infection risk group with a progressive annual increase in the number of patients who received the drug. Geography of palivizumab immunization is also greatly expanded in our country during this time. If during the first two seasons measures of immunization were taken mainly in Moscow and St. Petersburg, at the present time, thirty one territorial entities of the Russian Federation have the experience in the drug application. Analysis of the results of RSV infection immunization (made in several regions) confirms the high clinical efficacy and palivizumab safety already demonstrated in international studies. In addition, the analysis presents the potential to improve the efficiency of the integrated RSV infection immunization programs, realizing in the establishment of high-risk child group register, adequate counseling for parents, as well as the development of the routing of patients and coordination of interaction between different health institutions during the immunization.

[Metabolic therapy of premature infants with very low and extremely low birth weight].

The efficiency of a metabolic therapy for premature newborns has been assessed. It is established that early metabolic therapy leads to improvement of tissue perfusion, normalization of and alkalipenia indices, and rapid decrease in requirement for high oxygen concentration in carrying out respiratory support, thus producing fast cardiocytoprotective effect.

[The efficacy of ticlid in treating intermittent claudication in atherosclerotic stenosis of the arteries of the lower extremities]. / Effektivnost' tiklida pri lechenii peremezhaiushcheisia khromoty u bol'nykh s ateroskleroticheskim stenozirovaniem arterii nizhnikh konechnostei.

Serious affections of hemostasis were found in hemostatic examinations involving 67 intermittent claudication patients resistant to longterm vasodilative drugs. A 4-6-month course of tiklid (500 mg daily) induced a significant fall in platelet aggregation and an increase in the blood fibrinolytic activity, decreased foot chilliness, pain while walking. 73% of the patients could cover longer distances without pain complaints.

Comparative analysis of serological activity of non-structural protein (NS1) from tick-borne encephalitis virus and its analog expressed in bacterial cells.

By means of immunoaffinity chromatography and expression of the gene in Escherichia coli, non-structural glycoprotein NS1 of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and its recombinant analog were prepared. Antisera against these proteins were obtained by hyperimmunisation of rabbits. The antisera were tested by means of complement fixation, agar diffusion, hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization. Although both antisera are reacted with natural antigen, the recombinant analog of NS1 did not bind antibodies against natural protein in complement fixation and immunoprecipitation. Nevertheless the NS1 analog was rather active in ELISA. Neither the natural nor the recombinant protein protected experimental animals from lethal virus infection. A contamination of natural NS1 antigen with small amounts of structural glycoprotein E may be responsible for both antibody formation and virus neutralization. This can be relevant for the design of a subunit vaccine.

[Experimental study on chemotherapeutic efficacy, acute toxic action and nephrotoxicity of combinations of eremomycin with tobramycin]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie khimioterapevticheskoi éffektivnosti, ostrogo toksicheskogo deistviia i nefrotoksichnosti kombinatsii éremomitsina s tobramitsinom.

Chemotherapeutic efficacy of eremomycin in combination with tobramycin was investigated on a model of experimental sepsis of albino mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus cultures resistant to methicillin. Eremomycin is a novel original antibiotic of the glycopeptide structure isolated in the USSR and tobramycin is an aminoglycoside. Acute toxicity of the combination with a wide range of the dose fixed proportions was studied on mice and the nephrotoxic action of the antibiotics and their combinations administered intravenously for 5 days was studied on albino rats. The experiments showed that the chemotherapeutic effect of eremomycin in combination with tobramycin was of synergistic nature. Acute toxicity of the combined drugs mainly summed up and somewhat increased when the proportion of tobramycin and eremomycin was 1:2.4 or 1:3.6. Eremomycin had a dose-depended nephrotoxicity. Summing up of the nephrotoxic action of the drugs on their combined use was observed.

[The relation of uric acid metabolism to transferase activity in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. / Sviaz' obmena mochevoi kisloty s aktivnost'iu transferaz u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

Blood plasma uric acid and urea content and aspartate aminotransferase activity were studied in 177 patients with ischemic heart disease and essential hypertension. It was established that the blood uric acid level did not depend essentially on the transamination processes in patients with ischemic heart disease but was closely connected with transamination processes and amino acid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension.

[Experimental study of antibacterial activity, therapeutic effectiveness and toxic properties of the combination of tobramycin and carbenicillin]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie antibakterial'noi aktivnosti, terapevticheskoi éffektivnosti i toksicheskikh svoistv kombinatsii tobramitsina s karbenitsillinom.

Tobramycin combination with carbenicillin was studied experimentally. Tobramycin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic prepared at the Institute of New Antibiotics, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. It was shown that the combination had mainly synergistic action (67 per cent) on clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was confirmed in treatment of experimental sepsis caused by the organism. In acute experiments with albino mice there was observed summation of the general toxic action of the antibiotics used in the combination. The level and nature of the nephrotoxic action of the tobramycin combination with carbenicillin were shown in experiments with rats to be the same as those of the nephrotoxic action of tobramycin used alone. The presence of carbenicillin in the combination did not increase the inhibitory effect of tobramycin on excitement transmission in the neuromuscular synapses.

[The role of homeostatic function of the kidneys in the development of hyperuricemia]. / Rol' gomeostaticheskoi funktsii pochek v razvitii giperurikemii.

The content of uric acid in blood plasma has been determined and its relation with the homeostatic renal function has been studied in CHD and hypertensive patients. The attenuation of renal filtration processes has been revealed in a half of the 117 patients. The CHD patients have showed a significant relation between the levels of uric acid and protein in blood. There is an immediate correlation between the uric acid content and alpha 2-globulins in patients with CHD and hyperuricemia. It has been suggested that the development of hyperuricemia in CHD patients is dut to the mechanism of disturbances in binding of uric acid to transport blood proteins.

[Hypotensive therapy and the level of blood lipids in patients with chronic nephritis associated with arterial hypertension]. / Gipotensivnaia terapiia i soderzhanie lipidov v krovi bol'nykh khronicheskim nefritom s arterial'noi gipertoniei.

A study was made of the content of blood lipids in patients with associated chronic nephritis and arterial hypertension (AH). It has been established that the reduction of arterial pressure as a result of hypotensive therapy (administration of central action drugs, vasodilators of direct action, calcium antagonists, blockers of the angiotensin-transforming enzyme) was followed by a decrease in the blood of the concentration of fatty acids, glycerin, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipids, characteristics of lipid peroxidation and by the rise of cholesterol concentration in high density lipoproteins. The data obtained are of clinical importance in view of the possibility of correcting dyslipidemia in patients with associated chronic nephritis and arterial hypertension during hypotensive treatment.

[Newly developed stenocardia: functional activity of thrombocytes]. / Vpervye voznikshaia stenokardiia: funktsional'naia aktivnost' trombotsitov.

Platelet function (aggregation, circulating platelet aggregates, platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, thromboxane B2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, platelet count) was evaluated in patients with angina of new onset, as compared to individuals without coronary heart disease, and patients with angina of long standing (28 +/- 4.6 months). Some of the patients with angina of new onset were examined repeatedly 6 to 12 months after the onset of angina. Platelet activity was shown to be significantly higher in patients with stable angina of new onset, as compared to patients with lasting angina, where ADP and serotonin were used as inductors. Platelet aggregation, induced by platelet activation factor and collagen, was similar in all groups. Repeated investigation 6 to 12 months after the first anginal attacks demonstrated that most of platelet functional parameters declined or tended to decline.

[Erythrocyte filterability of angina patients]. / Fil'truemost' éritrotsitov u bol'nykh so stenokardiei.

Erythrocyte filterability and its relation to erythrocyte volume, hemoglobin level and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were studied in anginal patients. A 25% decrease in filterability and elevated erythrocyte cholesterol/phospholipid ratios were found in anginal patients, as compared to normal subjects. A close inverse correlation (r = -0.623) was demonstrated between erythrocyte filterability and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Mean erythrocyte volume and Hb levels were similar in anginal patients to those of normal subjects.

[Importance of hormones and free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolic disorders in myocardial infarct]. / Znachenie nekotorykh gormonov i svobodnykh zhirnykh kislot v patogeneze narushenii uglevodnogo obmena u bol'nykh infarktom miokarda.

The increase in the content of the somatotropic hormone and cortisol in blood plasma as well as the increase in the content of free fatty acids in serum in the acute period of myocardial infarction are more marked in patients with impaired tolerance than in those with normal tolerance. The authors believe that free fatty acids are of utmost importance among the factors causing the development of insulin resistance in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Their increased concentration is due to hypersecretion of catecholamines, somatotropic hormone, and cortisole.