Influence of CYP2C19*17 Genetic Polymorphism on the Steady-State Concentration of Escitalopram in Patients with Recurrent Depressive Disorder.

Introduction: Escitalopram is commonly prescribed to patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Some of them do not show adequate response to treatment with escitalopram, while many of them experience adverse drug reactions. Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of -806C>T polymorphism of CYP2C19 (CYP2C19*17) on the concentration/dose ratio of escitalopram in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Material and methods: Our study enrolled 267 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (average age -40.2 ± 16.4 years). Treatment regimen included escitalopram in an average daily dose of 12.5 ± 5.0 mg per day. The efficacy and safety rates of treatment were evaluated using the international psychometric scales. For genotyping, we performed the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Therapeutic drug monitoring has been performed using HPLC-MS/MS. Results: Our findings revealed the statistically significant results in terms of both treatment efficacy evaluation (HAMD scores at the end of the treatment course): (CC) 9.0 [7.0; 11.0], (CT) 4.0 [2.0; 6.0] and (TT) 2.0 [1.0; 4.0], p < 0.001; and safety profile (the UKU scores): (CC) 7.0 [7.0; 8.0], (CT) 3.0 [3.0; 4.0] and (TT) 3.0 [2.0; 3.0], p < 0.001. We revealed no statistically significant results for the concentration/dose ratio of escitalopram in patients with different genotypes: (CC) 5.762 [3.939; 9.076], (CT) 5.714 [3.485; 8.533] and (TT) 7.388 [4.618; 10.167], p = 0.268). Conclusion: The CYP2C19*17 genetic variant significantly affected the efficacy and safety profiles of escitalopram in a group of 267 patients with recurrent depressive disorder but did not greatly affect its equilibrium plasma concentration.

[Mercury in the streams and reservoirs in the territory of the Orenburg Region].

The State Education Institution of Higher professional education "The Orenburg State Medical Academy of Federal Agency in Public Health and Social Development". The state of some freshwater streams and reservoirs in the Orenburg Region was estimated from the level of mercury in the water extract of their bed silt. The concentration of this pollutant is shown to exceed the set standards.

[Inversion polymorphism in the population of Camptochironomus tentans from Kaliningrad city].

This paper present the map of polytene chromosomes and inversion polymorphism of widely distributed Chironomidae species, Camptochironomus tentans, from the most western locality of Russia--Kaliningrad city. Chromosomes banding pattern is designated according to Beermann, 1955. Only one larva (2.9%) had a standard banding pattern, and karyotypes of the rest (97.1%) were polymorphic. We have found 2.0 heterozygous inversions per individual, and the frequency of hetero- and homozygous inversions, taken together, amounted to 2.2 per individual. 17 inversion banding patterns and 20 genotypic combinations of these patterns were found. It was shown that the most frequent inversions in this population were identical to these in European populations.

[Inversion polymorphism of Glyptotendipes glaucus Mg. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the reservoirs of Kaliningrad].

The karyotypes of larvae Glyptotendipes glaucus Mg. 1804 from three reservoirs of Kaliningrad city (Pen'kovoe and Karasevka lakes and Chistyi pond) were studied. The levels of the natural inversion polymorphism for the three populations were determined. Ten new inversion sequences (gla B4, gla B5, gla B6, gla D5, gla E4, gla E6, gla E7, gla F6, and gla F7) were detected in the species studied. Inversion including the centromeric region in IIIEF (gla E6 + gla F7) was pericentric. Several cases ofgla B5 and gla B6 combination with gla B2 resulting in genotypic combination gla B2.5 and gla B2.6 were found. The dependence of the number of inversion sequences and genotype combinations from the content of heavy metal ions in sediments of the reservoirs was revealed. All populations were characterized by the prevalence of inversion sequence gla B2 in chromosome I.

[Seasonal variability of the karyotype structure of Chironomus plumosus (Diptera, Chironomidae) from a biotope of Kaliningrad].

Chironomus plumosus larvae from the polluted Shkolnoe lake, Kaliningrad, have 2n = 8 and 2n = 8 + B. In winter season we found 11 types of hetero- and homozygous inversions in A, B, C, D, E, and F arms whereas in summer season we registered 7 types of the same inversions in A, B, C, D, and E arms. All inversions with exception of the inversion in arm C correspond to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The arm IVG shows homozygous increase of centromeric heterochromatin more frequently in summer than in winter (34.4% as compared with 1.8%). The arm E has asynapsis 2 times less frequently in summer than in winter (21.4% as compared with 44.6%).