Protective Impact of Vanillic Acid on Lipid Profile and Lipid Metabolic Enzymes in Diabetic Hypertensive Rat Model Generated by a High-Fat Diet.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is the most common component of metabolic syndrome, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipoproteinemia. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine whether vanillic acid has antihyperlipidemic properties in diabetic hypertensive rats. METHODS: For this study healthy male albino Wister rats (180-220 gm) were selected. A 20-week highfat diet (HFD) was given to produce diabetic hypertension in Wister rats. Control and diabetic hypertensive rats were treated with vanillic acid. Vanillic acid effects on lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, high-density lipoproteins (HDL)) and lipid metabolizing enzymes LPL, LCAT, and HMG CoA reductase studied by a conventional method. To understand the effect of vanillic acid control, experimental rat lipid and metabolic enzymes were studied and treated and controlled animal liver tissues were observed using the different histology staining agents. RESULTS: Vanillic acid caused considerable lipid profile reductions except for HDL and increased plasma HDL levels. After eight weeks of vanillic acid administration also boosts lipid marker enzyme activity (HMG CoA reductase, LPL, and LCAT). In addition, vanillic acid reduces the accumulation of collagen in liver tissues. CONCLUSION: These research studies suggest that vanillic acid has antihyperlipidemic effects in diabetic hypertensive rats fed an HFD.

Modulatory effect of vanillic acid on antioxidant status in high fat diet-induced changes in diabetic hypertensive rats.

The worldwide incidence of diabetes has increased dramatically along with widespread lifestyle and dietary changes. Diets high in fat are strongly associated with the development of obesity and can induce insulin resistance in humans and animals. It is clear that obesity constitutes a risk factor for contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential action of vanillic acid on diabetes associated complications using a rat model. Rats were made diabetic hypertensive by high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and were treated with vanillic acid (50mg/kg bw) for last 8 weeks. The effects of vanillic acid on glucose, plasma insulin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides as a lipid peroxidation marker, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E as an antioxidant marker, AST and ALT as a liver function marker, urea, uric acid and creatinine as a kidney function marker were investigated. Histopathology of liver and kidney was also investigated as part of the pathology of diabetes. Treatment of diabetic rats with oral administration of vanillic acid at a dose of 50mgkg/body weight for 8 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose, insulin and blood pressure levels in comparison with diabetic control group. The antioxidant activities were significantly increased and the levels of lipid peroxidation markers were significantly decreased in diabetic hypertensive rats treated with vanillic acid. These results suggest that vanillic acid offer a modulatory effect on control of diabetic hypertension by reduction of blood glucose, insulin and blood pressure, combating oxidative stress by activation of tissue antioxidants.