ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Given the oral health implications of smoking, vaping, and using smokeless tobacco products (STPs), the dental office can be an effective setting for clinicians to offer smoking cessation counseling and treatment (SCCT). METHODS: A survey tool was developed to assess dentists' approach and experience with SCCT. This survey was deployed electronically on May 21, 2021, to the American Dental Association Clinical Evaluators (ACE) Panel (N = 982), and 1 week later, nonresponders were sent reminders. Results were summarized in SAS Version 9.4. RESULTS: Of the 283 survey responders, one-half offered SCCT to their patients. Of those who offered SCCT, 69% would be willing to prescribe pharmacologic agents to help with cessation. Nine of 10 times, SCCT conversations included the dentist. Of the 49% of respondents who did not offer SCCT, one-quarter were current or past smokers, vapers, or STP users. Out of all of the survey respondents, 40% were aware that SCCT is part of most medical benefits. Most respondents (82%) perform surgeries on patients who smoke, vape, or use STPs. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of SCCT in the dental office was split among ACE panelists, but when it was offered, the dentist was almost always involved. Awareness about SCCT medical benefits and surgical protocols for current smokers, vapers, and STP users differed among this sample. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists can benefit from more formal training and resources around SCCT and access to reimbursement for having these crucial conversations with their patients.
Subject(s)
Smoking Cessation , Tobacco, Smokeless , American Dental Association , Counseling , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesSubject(s)
Dental Care for Aged/methods , Drug Therapy , Age Factors , Aged , Drug Therapy/methods , Humans , PolypharmacyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the imaging findings in Chachapoyan mummies of Peru through multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve human mummies and three burial objects from Laguna de los Cóndores, Peru, about 500-1000 years old, were studied, using a MDCT unit. In addition to the standard whole-body acquisitions, high-resolution scans from areas of particular interest were acquired individually (e.g., temporal bone, teeth). RESULTS: Eight mummies were female, three male, and sex was indeterminable in one mummy; the age of the mummies included newborn, 0.7 years, 2.5 years, 13 years, 13 years, 16 years, and six between 20 and 40 years old. The stature of the mummies was reconstructed (mean±standard deviation; adults: 145±14cm, adolescents: 116±17cm, 2.5 years old child: 72cm, newborns: 41±3cm). Dental conditions were compromised in seven and excellent in five mummies. Besides a dislocation of the ossicles, temporal bones and ears were normal in all mummies. An occipital osteoma, a tuberculous spondylodiscitis, and also probable tuberculous erosions at one tarsal joint and one sacral bone, osteoarthritis or tuberculous affection of a sacroiliac joint, as well as five cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were observed. Ten mummies were buried in the fetal position, two were found packaged in bundles; the burial technique was studied in detail. A necklace was found with one mummy. The added burial objects were identified as skeletal parts of two leopardis pardalis and one lagothrix flavicauda. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT non-invasively revealed information about age, sex, stature, diseases, burial practices and other cultural aspects of the Chachapoyas.
Subject(s)
Burial/history , Mummies/diagnostic imaging , Mummies/history , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, Medieval , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Peru , Young AdultABSTRACT
Previous research has revealed that Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) trained in bipedal performance (Saru-mawashi) display a number of functionally related external skeletal changes, as well as some site-specific endostructural cortical and cancellous adaptations. Through radiography assisted by digital image processing, we investigated the trabecular pattern of the ilium and femoral neck of Sansuke, a macaque habitually bipedally trained for 8 years. A set of eight regions of interest on Sansuke were recorded for subtle structural characterization of the cancellous network and compared to a sample of 5 ilia and 23 femurs from 26 adult wild Japanese macaques. The measured variables include trabecular thickness, trabecular bone volume, and degree of anisotropy. As a whole, the site-specific textural characteristics of the cancellous network detected on the ilium and proximal femur of the bipedally trained macaque can be interpreted as functional adaptive responses to more compressive loads dissipated along the axis from the sacro-iliac to the coxo-femoral joint, and back.
