ABSTRACT
Within the framework of Environmental Agencies system's activities, coordinated by ISPRA (superior institute for environmental protection and research), a comparison among measurements was designed and accomplished, in order to go into depth on the matter of measurement problems and to evaluate magnetic field at power frequencies. These measurements have been taken near medium voltage /low voltage transformer substation. This project was developed with the contribution of several experts who belong to different Regional Agencies. In three of these regions, substations having specific international standard characteristics were chosen; then a measurement and data analysis protocol was arranged. Data analysis showed a good level of coherence among results obtained by different laboratories. However, a range of problems emerged, either during the protocol predisposition and definition of the data analysis procedure or during the execution of measures and data reprocessing, because of the spatial and temporal variability of magnetic field. These problems represent elements of particular interest in determining a correct measurement methodology, whose purpose is the comparison with limits of exposure, attention values and quality targets.
Subject(s)
Body Burden , Electricity , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Electromagnetic Fields , Humans , Italy , Microwaves , Radiation Dosage , Radio WavesABSTRACT
In view of expected legislation changes imposing more severe limits on magnetic flux density, proposals are made based on theory and measurement for adjustment of Fower placement with regard to efficiency, cost and cost-benefit.
Subject(s)
Electric Wiring , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Power PlantsABSTRACT
In this study some general guidelines to be used for the installation of microcellular base stations in order to guarantee exposure levels have been identified. A detailed analysis of field strength levels around realistic urban microcellular antennae has been performed by means of experimental and theoretical evaluations as a function of antenna type and the characteristics of the surrounding environment.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radio Waves , Telephone , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The development of EMF monitoring and control systems unquestionably represents one of the major innovations in the range of methodologies for evaluating, through measurement, the so-called environmental electromagnetic pollution. The interest recently shown by ARPA and municipal and provincial councils for setting up electromagnetic field monitoring and control systems has created significant developments in the field under examination. This paper attempts to provide a complete overview of the technical possibilities provided by electromagnetic field monitoring and control systems in the environment and their possible applications. Equipment currently available and under development is described, as well as the most significant work-in-progress in this sector. In the near future, several monitoring systems will be proposed and set up by municipalities and provinces, or directly by telecommunications companies. For this reason, it is more than ever necessary that agreement be reached at a national level to define a unified methodological and operating approach to enable monitoring data from different sources to be compared.
