Tear Mediators NGF along with IL-13 Predict Keratoconus Progression.

Purpose: To find immunomediator combinations which could sensitively indicate keratoconus progression.Methods: Tear samples of 42 patients with keratoconus were collected at baseline and at the end of a one-year follow-up. The concentrations of 13 mediators were measured by CBA. Based on Pentacam HR examination, eyes were divided into a non-progressive and a progressive group.Results: At the end of the follow-up, significant differences were observed in the release of IFNγ, IL-13, IL-17A, CCL5, MMP-13 and PAI-1 between the two groups. Changes in five Pentacam parameters correlated positively with changes in IFNγ, IL-13, IL-17A, CXCL8, CCL5, TIMP-1 and t-PA. We found that tear level of IL-13 in combination with NGF can predict the progression of keratoconus with 100% specificity and 80% sensitivity.Conclusion: The findings of our longitudinal study may underscore the importance of NGF and IL-13 tear levels in the prediction of keratoconus progression.

[Applicability of the Moyers mixed dentition analysis for the Hungarian population]. / A Moyers-féle vegyes fogazati analízis alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata a magyarországi lakosság körében.

Introduction: Moyers mixed dentition analysis is one of the most commonly used prediction methods to estimate the size of the unerupted teeth. By its use, we can determine the severity of tooth size-arch length discrepancies in mixed dentition. Since the tooth size may vary considerably among different ethnic groups, for the most precise estimation of the required space, an analysis based on the individual's own ethnic group would be recommended. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate the applicability of Moyers mixed dentition analysis for the Hungarian population. Method: Upper and lower study casts of 370 patients were evaluated. The mesiodistal widths of the teeth were measured by using a Pittsburgh digital caliper. The odontometric values obtained were used to calculate actual and predicted values. The actual teeth measurements were then statistically compared to the predicted values derived from Moyers probability tables. Results: Using Moyers analysis, we found significant differences at each percentile between the actual and predictive values in both sexes. In the upper jaw, values for men at the 95th, 85th, 75th, and 65th percentile overestimated the actual values, while for women only the 65th percentile underestimated it. In the lower jaw, all values were overestimated in relation to the actual measurements at all percentiles. Conclusions: Based on our results, Moyers mixed dentition analysis cannot be reliably applied for the Hungarian population. If used, it is recommended to use the Moyers predicted values at the 65th instead of the 75th percentile, as this will result in closer estimation to the actual space requirements. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(50): 1984-1989.

Effects of aging on corneal parameters measured with Pentacam in healthy subjects.

Our purpose was to prospectively analyze the age-related changes of corneal Scheimpflug parameters in healthy subjects. Thirty-five eyes of 35 volunteers (age 14-67 years) were investigated with an average interval of 3.6 years. Changes of corneal parameters (flattest keratometric reading at anterior (K1F) and posterior surface (K1B), steepest keratometric reading at anterior (K2F) and posterior surface, anterior astigmatism, posterior astigmatism (AstigB), flat axis of anterior and posterior astigmatism (AxisB), thinnest pachymetric value (PachyMin), corneal volume (CV10-mm)) were analyzed. K1F and K2F decreased significantly during observation and showed stronger decrease in younger than in older individuals. Higher values proved to be more stable. K1B decreased significantly and the degree of decrease was dependent on its baseline value and age: in young subjects low values increased, high values decreased. AstigB decreased significantly and showed a baseline-dependent significant increase from lower and a significant decrease from higher initial values. Over time, the mean AxisB shifted significantly. PachyMin and CV decreased significantly with age, especially from higher baseline values in younger subjects. The results of this longitudinal study suggest that both corneal surfaces change significantly with age. We demonstrate for the first time that age and baseline values influence age-related changes of corneal parameters.

Comparison of the effect of premolar extraction and non-extraction on the position and developmental changes of the lower third molars.

The aim of the present study was to comprehensively assess the posttreatment effect of premolar extraction versus non-extraction on the position and development of the lower third molars. The sample consisted of 227 patient's pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs (53 with four premolar extractions, 174 without extractions). The position and developmental stage of the lower third molars were evaluated by using Pell-Gregory's, Winter's, modified Miloro-DaBell's and Demirjian's classifications, respectively. Premolar extraction had a considerably positive influence on the position and development of the lower third molars and therefore could provide better prognosis for their eruption.

[Binding properties of components removable from dental base plate, analysed by Fourier-Transform Surface Plasmon Resonance (FT-SPR) method]. / Fogsor alaplemezbol kioldódó allergének kötodésének vizsgálata Fourier-Transzformációs Felületi Plazmon Rezonancia (FT-SPR) módszerrel.

In parallel with the emergence of new dental materials the number of allergic diseases is continuously increasing. Extremely small quantities of the allergens are capable to inducing an allergic reaction. Therefore it is particularly important to examine these materials as antigens and investigate their binding properties to proteins (e.g. formaldehyde, methacrylic acid, benzoyl-peroxide...). The Fourier Transform Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (FT-SPR) is a suitable examination method for this type of procedure. FT-SPR measurement is performed at a fixed angel of incident light, and reflectivity is measured over a range of wavelength in the near infrared. The advantages of this method are the outstanding sensitivity, the label-free detection capability and the possibility of the real-time testing procedure. Formaldehyde and methacrylic acid are among the most common dental allergens. In our study we examined these molecules by FT-SPR spectroscopy. The aim of this work was to investigate the suitability of this method to the detection of these materials, with special focuses on the analysis and evaluation concentration-dependent measurements. Different concentrations (0.01 %-0.2%) of formaldehyde and methacrylic acid solutions were measured. The individual spectra were measured for all of the solutions, and calibration curves were calculated for the materials for the possibility of the determination of an unknown concentration. The results confirmed that the method is theoretically capable to detect hundred-thousandths scale concentration-changes in the solution flowing above the SPR-chip. The concentration-dependent studies had proved that the method capable to measure directly these materials and can provide appropriate calibration for quantitative determination. These experiments show the broad applicability of the FT-SPR method, which can greatly facilitate the mapping and understanding of biomolecular interactions in the future.

[Allergies to dental materials and effectiveness of treatment in the north-eastern region of Hungary]. / Fogászati anyagokkal szemben kialakuló allergiás megbetegedések és ellátásuk hatékonyságának vizsgálata az észak-alföldi régióban.

The recognition and treatment of allergy is a great challenge for all fields of medicine. The high prevalence of allergic reactions to dental materials and the related financial burden of their treatment make investigation of this disease very important. Our investigation was carried out on patients assigned to our outpatient department for dental allergy test between 1996 and 1998. We determined the distribution of gender and age among the allergic patients in the examined population. We also studied the prevalence of allergic reactions to different dental allergens and the distribution of dental allergens. In a follow-up study we determined the proportion of those patients, who were retreated in conformity with the results of epicutan tests and we followed up the positive effects of these treatments. We have found that dental allergy occurred five times more frequently in women (84%) than in men (16%) and the most affected age group was between 20 to 39 and 40-49 years (31%). Seventy-five percent of the patients suffered from a combination of metal and polymer allergy. The most frequent metal allergen was TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (49.7%). The suggested treatment plan was carried out in 63% of the allergic patients. The applied treatment was successful in 48% of these cases. We experienced that 48% of these patients got rid of their earlier signs and symptoms.

[Orthodontic treatment possibilities of allergic patients]. / Allergiás betegek fogszabályozó kezelésének lehetoségei. Esetismertetés.

During the past two decades the incidence of allergies against dental materials has been rising. The most common allergens are nickel, mercury, benzoxyl-peroxide, formaldehyde, MMA, HEMA, EGDMA and TEGDMA. Contact allergy develops in predisposed individuals as a consequence of environmental exposures to allergens. Although the relatively high frequency of contact allergies in children is well documented, its importance during orthodontic treatments is still often underestimated. The most common metal to cause dental allergic reactions is nickel. Nickel-containing metal alloys, such as nickel-titanium, are widely used in orthodontics because of their favorable physical properties. Coated wires (epoxi coating, teflon, etc.) are not only more aesthetic, but can play a role in the orthodontic treatment of patients with nickel allergy. In our case report we present two patients with nickel allergy, and their treatment with alternative orthodontic appliances. During the orthodontic treatment our patients did not have any objective or subjective allergy-related symptoms.

[The role of preprosthetic orthodontics in the interdisciplinary management of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: case report]. / A preprotetikai ortodoncia jelentosége a felso kismetszok hiányának interdiszciplináris terápiájában: Esetismertetés.

The early loss of permanent teeth following trauma or congenital aplasia and agenesia need to be corrected by orthodontic or prosthetic means, sometimes combined with implant therapy. Preprosthetic orthodontic measures are often an integral part of comprehensive oral rehabilitation. The individual aspects of treatment are aimed at optimizing dentofacial esthetics and at improving masticatory function and hygiene potential of prosthetic restorations. The orthodontic solution results usually in different anatomic, functional, and esthetic problems. In the present study the treatment possibilities of two patients with missing upper lateral incisors are presented. In the first case the problem of the missing upper lateral incisors was solved by adhesive bridges, after the fixed appliance orthodontic treatment, where the diasthema medianum was closed, and the upper canines were distalized. In our second case the same problem was solved by inserting implants, with single, metal free crowns in the upper lateral incisor area, after the fixed appliance orthodontic treatment, where the upper canines were distalized, and the bicuspids derotated. Prosthetic and implant procedures are very demanding and require long-term maintenance. Preprosthetic orthodontics will continue to gain significance in future esthetically-functionally oriented dentistry and that its integration into multidisciplinary rehabilitation is often indispensable.

[Applicability of titanium in preparing dental prostheses for allergic patients]. / A titán, es alkalmazhatóságának sajátosságai fémallergiás betegek fogpótlásának készítésénél.

Owing to its excellent biocompatibility, titanium has been used in health care, including dental care, for a long time. The unalloyed light metal is a non-allergic one, it resists corrosion, has low heat conducting ability, it tastes neutral and is relatively cheap to apply. Titanium's biocompatibility may be associated with its fast oxidizing capacity, which can inhibit its binding with proteins. Due to titanium's oxidizing capacity, its applicability in dentistry is difficult, because such prostheses are not easy to cover with ceramics, which is essential for aesthetic reasons. The bond between the ceramic, developed specially for titanium, and the metal surface is weaker than in the case of NiCr alloys or alloys of noble alloys. The strength of the bond, however, meets ISO requirements, and, according to the latest literature, it can be further strengthened by surface treatment techniques and new bond systems. These solutions are aimed at stopping cavity formation on the titanium surface and in the oxide phase (which would lead to the disjunction of the oxide phase at the interface). Comparative studies have mentioned problems with right marginal closure and precision of fitting, still they have found titanium-based prostheses acceptable. According to data in the literature the ceramic fused to titanium, and removed partial dentures are artificial dental structures which may offer an inexpensive, still aesthetically and functionally acceptable solution for certain patients suffering from metal allergy.