Incorporation of copaiba and oregano essential oils on the shelf life of fresh ground beef patties under display: Evaluation of their impact on quality parameters and sensory attributes.

The preservative effect of the addition of different essential oils (copaiba and oregano) on meat quality parameters and sensorial acceptability was analyzed for fresh ground beef patties over 21 days of display. Five treatments were assessed: control (CON) without antioxidants; addition of the synthetic additive butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); addition 0.05% of copaiba essential oil (CEO); 0.05% of oregano essential oil (OEO); or blend of 0.025% copaiba and 0.025% oregano essential oils (BEO). The lowest cooking losses and greatest tenderness (P <0.05) were reached with the blend (BEO). The inclusion of oregano essential oil presented a more intense chroma (P <0.05), with the best color retained during display. Oregano essential oil (OEO) and the blend (BEO) showed the highest antioxidant activity, reducing the lipid oxidation of beef patties during display (P < 0.05). Consumers preferred the odor of beef patties with essential oils (OEO and BEO) to the CON; however, the flavor from OEO had the lowest acceptability and the worst scores for overall acceptability (P < 0.05). Patties with the blend addition (BEO) were the best scored on overall acceptability assessments. In conclusion, the oregano and copaiba essential oils blend had a good preservative effect on fresh beef patties during display and increased sensory acceptability of the product, thus being a possible alternative for replacing synthetic compounds in processed foods.

Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na população residente no projeto de assentamento rural Nova Amazônia, Brasil / Sexually transmitted infections in the population living in the rural settlement project Nova Amazonia, Brazil

O adoecimento pode revelar impactos e consequências das desigualdades sociais, econômicas e culturais. Avaliar a soroprevalência da infecção pelo HIV, Hepatites B e C e Sífilis e o comportamento sexual dos moradores do Projeto de Assentamento Nova Amazônia (PANA). Trata-se de estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo, quantitativo e qualitativo, envolvendo 246 moradores do PANA, realizado entre novembro de 2019 e setembro de 2020. Foi aplicado um questionário e realizados testes rápidos para HIV 1 e 2, Sífilis e Hepatites B e C. Foi possível observar a prevalência de 4,1% para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, estando associada estatisticamente com ser do gênero masculino (p = 0,04), ter mais de 40 anos (p = 0,003) e ter se relacionado com mais de 10 parceiros sexuais ao longo da vida (p = 0,03). Devido à identificação de condutas sexuais de risco, como baixíssima adesão ao uso do preservativo, faz-se necessária a realização de diagnóstico precoce e monitoramento de novos casos.

The illness can reveals impacts and consequences of social, economic and cultural inequalities. To evaluate the seroprevalence of HIV infection, Hepatitis B and C and Syphilis and sexual behavior of residents of the Nova Amazônia Settlement Project (PANA). Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study, involving 246 residents of PANA, carried out between November 2019 and September 2020. A questionnaire was applied and rapid tests were performed for HIV 1 and 2, Syphilis and Hepatitis B and C. A prevalence of 4.1% for sexually transmitted diseases was observed, statistically associated with being male (p = 0.04), being over 40 years old (p = 0.003) and having been related with more than 10 sexual partners throughout life (p = 0.03). Due to the identification of risky sexual behaviors, such as very low adherence to condom use, it is necessary to perform an early diagnosis and monitor new cases.

Yeasts with Fermentative Potential Associated with Fruits of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia, Kunth) from North of Brazilian Amazon.

Considering the high biotechnological potential of yeasts associated to edible fruits, a screening for these microorganisms, capable of alcoholic fermentation, was performed in ripe fruits of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia, Kunth). The fruits were collected from north of Brazilian Amazon, in the floodplain of the Cauamé River. Yeasts were isolated, and fermentation capability was evaluated using Durham tubes. Quantitative assays were performed to calculate ethanol yield (g g-1), specific growth rate (h-1), and ethanol productivity (g L-1·h-1). Taxonomic identification was performed by ribosomal gene nucleotide sequence analysis by alignment using BLASTN. A total of fifteen yeast colonies were isolated, and three of them presented promising ability to ferment glucose to ethanol. These isolates were identified as Candida orthopsilosis, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Meyerozyma caribbica. When cultured in broth containing 180 g·L-1 of glucose, M. caribbica CC003 reached 91.7 percent of the maximum theoretical ethanol concentration (84.4 g·L-1), presenting an ethanol yield and productivity of 0.4688 g·g-1 and 0.781 g·L-1·h-1, respectively. These results indicate a promising potential of this isolate for bioprocess applications. This paper is a rare report of C. orthopsilosis with endophytic habit because most of the references indicate it as a human pathogen. Besides this, M. caribbica is a promising fermenter for alcoholic beverages due to its osmotolerance and high ethanol yield. This is the first paper reporting endophytic yeasts associated with fruits of Myrciaria dubia.

Characterization of bacterial endophytes from the roots of native and cultivated Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa)

Brazil nut is a very important nontimber forest product in the Amazon region. Propagation of this tree still represents a challenge due to slow and uneven seed germination. In this context, plant growth-promoting bacteria can facilitate the process of propagation. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from the roots of Brazil nut trees in native terra firme forest and cultivation areas in northern Brazil, and to identify mechanisms by which bacteria act in plant growth promotion. Overall, 90 bacterial isolates were obtained from the roots of Brazil nut trees in monoculture, agroforestry and native forest areas by using different semisolid media. The isolates were characterized by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Plant growth-promoting characteristics were evaluated by the presence of the nifH gene, aluminum phosphate solubilization and the production of indole compounds. The isolates were affiliated with 18 genera belonging to 5 different classes (α-Proteobacteria, ß-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria). The genus Bacillus was predominant in the forest and monoculture areas. Fourteen isolates presented the nifH gene. Most of the bacteria were able to solubilize aluminum phosphate and synthetize indole compounds. The results indicated high diversity of endophytic bacteria present among the roots of Brazil nut trees, mainly in the agroforestry area, which could be related to soil attributes. Among the 90 isolates, the 22 that presented the best results regarding plant growth promotion traits were good candidates for testing in seedling production of Brazil nut trees. (AU)

Água e doenças relacionadas a água em comunidades da bacia hidrográfica do rio Uraricoera - Terra Indígena Yanomami - Roraima / Water and Diseases Related to Water in Communities of River Basin from Uraricoera River ­ Yanomami Indigenous Territory ­ Roraima

A qualidade da água relaciona-se diretamente com a forma de uso e ocupação das áreas em uma bacia hidrográfica. Foi realizada uma relação do perfil sociocultural característicos do povo Yanomami e Ye'kuana com os resultados de análises de parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos para avaliação da qualidade da água consumida pelas comunidades da Terra Indígena Yanomami localizadas na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Uraricoera. A avaliação físico-química foi feita pela determinação de temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, nitrito, pH, condutividade elétrica, potencial de oxirredução, turbidez e cor aparente. Para a avaliação microbiológica da água utilizou-se a técnica do substrato cromogênicofluorogênico para determinação de coliformes totais e E. coli, com a finalidade de verificar suas características e a relação com as doenças diarreicas agudas existentes nas comunidades. Os resultados comprovam que as amostras de água consumida nas comunidades indígenas não estão em conformidade com os padrões de potabilidade estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde na Portaria nº2914/2011 em virtude da elevada densidade de coliformes totais e E. coli. Propôs-se diagnosticar a situação das doenças diarreicas agudas que acometem a população Yanomami e Ye'kuana reunindo informações que contribuam para o trabalho do DSEI-Yanomami na oferta de água com qualidade e consequente melhoria de vida daqueles povos. (AU)

Water quality is directly related to how the areas are used and occupied in a river basin. A socialcultural profile of Yanomami and Ye'kuana was accomplished with the results of analyses of physical-chemical and microbiological parameters to evaluate the quality of its water consumption by their communities such as Yanomami indigenous territory located in the Uraricoera river basin. The physical-chemical evaluation was performed by the determination of temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, electrical conductivity, potential oxireduction, turbidity and apparent color. For the microbiological evaluation of its water was used the fluorogenic chromogenic substrate technique for the determination of total coliforms and E.coli, in order to verify its characteristics and the relation with the acute diarrheal diseases existing in its communities. The results reveal the samples of water consumed in the indigenous communities do not comply with the potability standards established by Ministério da Saúde in ordinance number 2914/2011due to the high density of total coliforms and E.coli. It was proposed to diagnose the situation of acute diarrheal diseases affecting the Yanomami and Ye'kuana population by collecting information that contributes to the work of DSEI-Yanomami in providing water quality and consequently improving the lives of those peoples.(AU)

Avaliação do processo produtivo de polpas de frutas congeladas / Evaluation of the produtive quality for processing the frozen fruit pulps

No estado de Roraima, os fabricantes de polpas de frutas empregam processos artesanais de produção, os quais não asseguram a qualidade do produto; apesar disso, esse segmento da agroindústria tem se expandido principalmente entre as microempresas. O procedimento de produção de polpas de frutas congeladas empregado em Boa Vista/RR foi avaliado por meio de visitas técnicas e aplicação de check list em quatro fabricantes selecionados que produzem polpa de fruta in natura. Constatou-se que o processo produtivo das indústrias locais é insatisfatório, sendo necessária a sua adequação às exigências da legislação em vigor.

In Roraima State, the local frozen fruit pulps producers employ artesanal procedures which do not ensure the quality of the final products; even so, this agroindustry segment has been increasing and predominalty among the small companies. The quality of frozen fruit pulps production in Boa Vista/RR was assessed by a technical visit and applying a check list at four selected companies proccessing in natura fruit pulps. Inadequate frozen fruit pulps productive processing at local industries was evidenced, thus being innoncompliace with the legislation in force.

Perda de vitamina C durante o armazenamento de polpa de acerola congelada / Loss of vitamin C during the storage of west indian cherry frozen pulp

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a perda de vitamina C durante o armazenamento de polpas de acerola congeladas, comercializadas em Boa Vista/RR (Brasil), comparando-se o produto pasteurizado com aquele não submetido ao tratamento térmico. Quantificou-se a perda de vitamina C de polpa de acerola pasteurizada e de polpa in natura, durante o armazenamento por 90 dias. Ambas as polpas apresentaram redução significativa do teor de vitamina C durante o armazenamento sob congelamento, tendo a polpa não pasteurizada evidenciado perda mais elevada. Essa significativa perda vitamínica gera questionamentos acerca da vida útil atribuída às polpas de frutas congeladas, bem como quanto à adequação das embalagens utilizadas.

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts and exudates of the Amazonian medicinal tree Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson (common name: sucuba).

Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson is a tree found in the northern Amazon savannahs (common name: sucuba) that is used in local Amerindian medicine. Leaf, bark and branch wood methanol extracts, sequentially obtained hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and latex were evaluated for antifungal and antibacterial activities against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and local clinical strains using the disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts and latex inhibited Candida albicans, leaf methanol extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and bark methanol extracts inhibited B. subtilis. Active extracts inhibited the ATCC and clinical strains. Polar antifungal and antibacterial principles in latex and extracts are thought to be responsible for the inhibition.

Qualidade microbiológica de polpas de frutas congeladas / Microbiological quality of frozen fruit pulps

A produção de polpas de frutas é uma alternativa econômica em Roraima, onde há ampla aceitação do produto e o mercado é também abastecido com polpas de frutas de outras regiões. Os produtores locais empregam processos artesanais e não adotam sistemas adequados de controle de qualidade. Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de polpas de frutas congeladas comercializadas em Boa Vista, RR, foram coletadas 100 amostras de polpas de frutas de cinco marcas comerciais e de quatro sabores, sendo uma marca de produto pasteurizado proveniente de outro estado. As demais marcas do produto eram in natura e provenientes de produtores locais. Foi observado crescimento significativo de bolores e levedurase de bactérias heterotróficas nas amostras analisadas; porém, não foi detectada a presença de Salmonella sp., tampouco desenvolvimento significativo de coliformes. Das amostras avaliadas, 78% estavam em desacordo com os padrões para bolores e leveduras; as polpas in natura (fabricantes locais) apresentaram maior índice de inadequação do que as pasteurizadas. O elevado percentual de amostras insatisfatórias indica a necessidade urgente de adequação do processo produtivo, seguindo-se as exigências da legislação específica.

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts and exudates of the Amazonian medicinal tree Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson (common name: sucuba)

Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson is a tree found in the northern Amazon savannahs (common name: sucuba) that is used in local Amerindian medicine. Leaf, bark and branch wood methanol extracts, sequentially obtained hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and latex were evaluated for antifungal and antibacterial activities against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and local clinical strains using the disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts and latex inhibited Candida albicans, leaf methanol extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and bark methanol extracts inhibited B. subtilis. Active extracts inhibited the ATCC and clinical strains. Polar antifungal and antibacterial principles in latex and extracts are thought to be responsible for the inhibition.

Mycocinogenic yeasts isolated from Amazon soils of the Maracá Ecological Station, Roraima-Brazil

The 240 yeasts isolated from soils of the Maracá Ecological Station in the Brazilian Amazon were identified and screened for mycocin production. These strains included 82 percent of ascomycetous and 18 percent basidiomicetous affinities and the prevalent species were Candida etchellsii, Candida famata, Candida robusta, Candida rugosa, Candida valida, Debaryomyces hansenii, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula minuta and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Mycocins able to kill some yeasts were produced by 6 strains identified as Issatchenkia sp., Saccharomyces exiguus?, Williopsis saturnus, var. subsufficiens, and 3 W. saturnus according to 26S rDNA D1/D2 region sequence and phenotypic data