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1.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 10(3): 1-17, jul.-set. 2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1247604

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in the world. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and to identify risk factors associated with bacterial vaginosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ouro Preto, Brazil, between February and December 2017. Three hundred and forty-one women aged 18 years or older, users of the Brazilian Unified Health System, participated in this study. Women who used oral or topical antibiotics in the four weeks prior to the sample collection and women who had undergone a total hysterectomy were excluded from the study. After signing the Informed Consent Form and filling out a questionnaire containing sociodemographic, behavioral and sexual data, the participants were directed to the collection room, where the nurse collected the samples for the preventive examination of the cervix and also two vaginal swabs. Vaginal swabs and cervical samples were analyzed for cytological abnormalities and BV using Gram staining and cytology. Pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). For the analysis of the data, statistical package STATA version 10.0 was used. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP). Results: During the study, 341 women were evaluated. The prevalence of BV using Gram staining (32.5% [CI95% 27.7-37.7%]) and cytology (27.7% [CI95% 23.032.8%]) was similar, however, the sensitivity of cytology was lower (77.8%). Risk factors associated with BV were smoking (IRR 1.5 [CI95%: 1.1  2.1]), use of an intrauterine device (IRR 2.8 [CI95%: 1.2 - 6.5]), and past medical history of BV (IRR 1.5 [CI95%: 1.1 - 2.1]). Correlation between the presence of BV and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection (r=0.24) was observed. Conclusion: The prevalence of BV was affected by life habits and was prevalent in women with TV. Thus, behavioral and social prevention approaches to women with diverse risk profiles may help mitigate TV/BV prevalence and recurrence of BV.(AU)


Contexte et objectifs: La vaginose bactérienne (VB) est la cause la plus fréquente de pertes vaginales dans le monde. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à la vaginose bactérienne. Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une approche descriptive, transversale et quantitative réalisée à Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brésil, entre février et décembre 2017. 341 femmes ont participé à cette étude, âgées de 18 ans ou plus, utilisatrices du Système de santé unifié. Les femmes ayant utilisé des antibiotiques oraux ou topiques dans les quatre semaines précédant le prélèvement et les femmes ayant subi une hystérectomie totale ont été exclues de l'étude. Après avoir signé le formulaire de consentement éclairé et rempli un questionnaire contenant des données sociodémographiques, comportementales et sexuelles, les participants ont été dirigés vers la salle de collecte, où l'infirmière a prélevé les échantillons pour l'examen préventif du col de l'utérus. et aussi deux écouvillons vaginaux. Les échantillons de frottis vaginaux et cervicaux ont été analysés pour les anomalies cytologiques et VB en utilisant la coloration de Gram et la cytologie. Les agents pathogènes causant des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) ont été identifiés par réaction en chaîne par polymérase. Pour l'analyse des données, le progiciel statistique STATA version 10.0 a été utilisé. Cette étude a été approuvée par le Comité d'éthique de la recherche de l'Université fédérale d'Ouro Preto (UFOP). Résultats: Au cours de l'étude, 341 femmes ont été évaluées. La prévalence de la VB avec coloration de Gram (32,5% [IC 95% 27,7 - 37,7%]) et de la cytologie (27,7% [IC 95% 23,0 - 32,8%]) était similaire, cependant la sensibilité cytologique était plus faible (77,8%). Les facteurs de risque associés à la VB étaient le tabagisme (IRR 1,5 [IC 95%: 1,1 - 2,1]), l'utilisation d'un dispositif intra-utérin (IRR 2,8 [IC 95%: 1,2 - 6,5] ) et antécédents médicaux de VB (IRR 1,5 [IC 95%: 1,1 - 2,1]). Il y avait une corrélation entre la présence d'une infection à VB et Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) (r = 0,24). Conclusion: La prévalence de la VB était affectée par le mode de vie et l'infection TV. Ainsi, les approches de prévention comportementale et sociale pour les femmes présentant des profils de risque différents peuvent aider à atténuer la prévalence de la TV / VB et la récurrence de la VB.(AU)


Justificativa e Objetivos: A vaginose bacteriana (VB) é a causa mais comum de corrimento vaginal no mundo. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à vaginose bacteriana. Métodos: Trata-se de um descritivo, de forma transversal e abordagem quantitativa realizado em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre fevereiro a dezembro de 2017. Participaram desse estudo 341 mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Mulheres que usaram antibióticos orais ou tópicos nas quatro semanas anteriores à coleta e mulheres que haviam sido submetidas a uma histerectomia total foram excluídas do estudo. Após a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e preenchimento de questionário contendo dados sócio-demográfico, comportamental e sexual, as participantes foram encaminhadas para a sala de coleta, onde a enfermeira realizou a coleta das amostras para o exame preventivo do colo do útero e também de dois swabs vaginais. As amostras de esfregaço vaginal e cervical foram analisadas quanto às anormalidades citológicas e VB usando coloração de Gram e citologia. Patógenos causadores de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) foram identificados por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o pacote estatístico STATA versão 10.0. O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP). Resultados: Durante o estudo, 341 mulheres foram avaliadas. A prevalência de VB com coloração de Gram (32,5% [IC95% 27,7 - 37,7%]) e citologia (27,7% [IC95% 23,0 - 32,8%]) foi semelhante, porém a sensibilidade da citologia foi menor (77,8%). Os fatores de risco associados ao VB foram tabagismo (IRR 1,5 [IC95%: 1,1 - 2,1]), uso de dispositivo intrauterino (IRR 2,8 [IC 95%: 1,2 - 6,5]) e história médica pregressa de VB (IRR 1,5 [IC95%: 1,1 - 2.1]). Observou-se correlação entre a presença de infecção por VB e Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) (r = 0,24). Conclusão: A prevalência de VB foi afetada por hábitos de vida e infecção por TV. Assim, abordagens de prevenção comportamental e social para mulheres com diversos perfis de risco podem ajudar a mitigar a prevalência de TV / VB e recorrência de VB.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Prevalence
3.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 37(4): 40-47, 2017. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | IBECS | ID: ibc-171046

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) são mais propensos às perdas calórico-proteicas durante sua permanência, o que interfere significativamente na recuperação e consequentemente demora para a alta hospitalar, bem como aumento da taxa de mortalidade. Para isso, a literatura dispõe de vários métodos e ferramentas de avaliação do estado nutricional para identificar pacientes em risco nutricional ou desnutridos. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional de indivíduos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva a partir de métodos objetivos e subjetivos. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 328 pacientes admitidos na UTI. Para avaliar o estado nutricional, foram obtidos dados objetivos antropométricos como índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), circunferência do braço (CB) e muscular do braço (CMB) e dados subjetivos como avaliação subjetiva global (ANSG), avaliação do risco nutricional 2002 (NRS 2002) e do índice do risco nutricional (IRN). Resultados: Dos 328 pacientes avaliados, 55,5% eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 61,4 ± 18,8 anos. Houve maior frequência de pacientes acima de 60 anos (62,5%) e de pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico (14,3%). No método objetivo, foi observado que 46,0% e 65,2% dos pacientes estavam eutróficos pelo IMC e CMB, respectivamente e 56,4% e 38,2% desnutridos pela DCT e pela CB. Os métodos subjetivos, identificaram elevada frequência de risco nutricional e desnutrição pela NRS 2002 e pelo IRN. Já na ANSG, metade dos pacientes estavam bem nutridos. Houve maior semelhança entre os diagnósticos da ANSG com as medidas antropométricas. Conclusão: A utilização dos diferentes métodos objetivos e subjetivos de avaliação nutricional são capazes de identificar o perfil nutricional dos pacientes internados em UTI, sendo importante aplicá-los concomitantemente pois contribui complementando informações para um melhor e real diagnóstico nutricional, uma vez que, para esses pacientes considerados críticos, não existem métodos considerados “padrão ouro” para avaliar o estado nutricional em situação de terapia intensiva (AU)


Introduction: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are more prone to caloric-protein losses during their stay, which significantly impairs recovery and consequently delays in hospital discharge, as well as an increase in the mortality rate. For this, the literature has several methods and tools for assessing nutritional status to identify patients at nutritional or malnourished risk. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional profile of individuals hospitalized in an intensive care unit based on objective and subjective methods. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with 328 patients admitted to the ICU. To evaluate the nutritional status, we obtained anthropometric objectives such as body mass index (BMI), tricipital skinfold (DCT), arm circumference (CB) and arm muscle (CMB) and subjective data such as global subjective assessment (ANSG), Nutritional risk assessment 2002 (NRS 2002) and nutritional risk index (NRI). Results: Of the 328 patients evaluated, 55.5% were males, with a mean age of 61.4 ± 18.8 years. There was a higher frequency of patients over 60 years (62.5%) and patients with cerebrovascular accident (14.3%). In the objective method, it was observed that 46.0% and 65.2% of the patients were eutrophic by BMI and CMB, respectively, and 56.4% and 38.2% were malnourished by DCT and CB. The subjective methods identified a high frequency of nutritional risk and malnutrition by NRS 2002 and IRN. At ANSG, half of the patients were well nourished. Conclusions: The use of different objective and subjective methods of nutritional assessment are able to identify the nutritional profile of patients hospitalized in ICU, and it is important to apply them concomitantly as it contributes by complementing information to a Better and real nutritional diagnosis, since, for these patients considered critical, there are no methods considered “gold standard” to evaluate nutritional status in an intensive care situation (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Critical Care/methods , Nutrition Assessment , Anthropometry/methods , Malnutrition/diet therapy , Nutritional Status , Intensive Care Units , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(6): 754-756, Nov.-Dec. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-661080

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We investigated autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan region of Vitória (MRV), an area in which a human case was previously reported. METHODS: Serological, parasitological, and molecular tests were performed in 201 dogs. RESULTS: Twenty-six (13%) and 12 (6%) dogs were identified as positive using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rK39 tests, respectively. Two dogs had a positive culture for Leishmania chagasi, and 4 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Leishmania spp. One positive dog belonged to the aforementioned patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responsible vector was not found, our results provide evidence of autochthonous CVL in the MRV, a non-endemic area for VL.


INTRODUÇÃO: Descrevemos um foco de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) autóctone na Região Metropolitana de Vitória (RMV) onde um caso humano foi registrado anteriormente. MÉTODOS: Testes sorológicos, parasitológicos e moleculares foram realizados em 201 cães. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis (13%) e 12 (6%) foram positivos para um teste ELISA in house e rK39, respectivamente. Dois cães apresentaram cultura positiva para Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi e quatro PCR positivo para Leishmania spp. Um dos cães positivo pertencia ao paciente supracitado. CONCLUSÕES: Embora o vetor não tenha sido encontrado, nossos resultados fornecem evidências da LVC autóctone na RMV, área não-endêmica para leishmaniose visceral.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , DNA, Protozoan/blood , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Psychodidae , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Urban Population
6.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 45(6): 754-6, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23295882

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We investigated autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan region of Vitória (MRV), an area in which a human case was previously reported. METHODS: Serological, parasitological, and molecular tests were performed in 201 dogs. RESULTS: Twenty-six (13%) and 12 (6%) dogs were identified as positive using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rK39 tests, respectively. Two dogs had a positive culture for Leishmania chagasi, and 4 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Leishmania spp. One positive dog belonged to the aforementioned patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responsible vector was not found, our results provide evidence of autochthonous CVL in the MRV, a non-endemic area for VL.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , DNA, Protozoan/blood , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/blood , Dogs , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Humans , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Psychodidae , Urban Population
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