ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Kidney shortage for pediatric kidney transplantation (PKT) entails the need to use low-weight and age donors, despite the apprehension. The aim of this study was to analyze the pediatric deceased donor kidney transplantations (pDDKT) outcomes in the first year after the procedure, stratified by donor age. METHOD: Retrospective cohort of pDDKTs carried out between January 2013, and January 2018, at a PKT reference hospital in Southern Brazil. Donors were divided into group 1 (≤ 6 years), and group 2 (> 6 years); the analysis of the outcomes was carried out in the same period. RESULTS: There were 143 pDDKTs; 51 (35.66%) in group 1; and 92 (64.34%) in group 2. In both groups there were 17 graft losses (11.8%), with vascular thrombosis as the main cause (group 1: 5; group 2: 4). Among the complications, renal artery stenosis (RAS) with indication for angioplasty and stenting was more frequent in group 1 (7.8%; group 2: 2.2%). The 1-year Renal Transplant Recipients' and graft survival did not show significant differences between the groups, (p = = 0.95). However, the Glomerular Filtration Rate analysis was higher in group 2, reaching, in the 12th month, 79.3 mL/min/1,73m2, compared to 69.7 mL/min/1,73m2 in group 1(p = = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Small donors can be considered for pDDKTs, as long as there is an expert team to perform the transplantation.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Humans , Child , Retrospective Studies , Graft Rejection/etiology , Tissue Donors , Kidney , Graft Survival , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Abstract Objective Kidney shortage for pediatric kidney transplantation (PKT) entails the need to use low-weight and age donors, despite the apprehension. The aim of this study was to analyze the pediatric deceased donor kidney transplantations (pDDKT) outcomes in the first year after the procedure, stratified by donor age. Method Retrospective cohort of pDDKTs carried out between January 2013, and January 2018, at a PKT reference hospital in Southern Brazil. Donors were divided into group 1 (≤ 6 years), and group 2 (> 6 years); the analysis of the outcomes was carried out in the same period. Results There were 143 pDDKTs; 51 (35.66%) in group 1; and 92 (64.34%) in group 2. In both groups there were 17 graft losses (11.8%), with vascular thrombosis as the main cause (group 1: 5; group 2: 4). Among the complications, renal artery stenosis (RAS) with indication for angioplasty and stenting was more frequent in group 1 (7.8%; group 2: 2.2%). The 1-year Renal Transplant Recipients' and graft survival did not show significant differences between the groups, (p= = 0.95). However, the Glomerular Filtration Rate analysis was higher in group 2, reaching, in the 12th month, 79.3 mL/min/1,73m2, compared to 69.7 mL/min/1,73m2 in group 1(p= = 0.033). Conclusions Small donors can be considered for pDDKTs, as long as there is an expert team to perform the transplantation.
ABSTRACT
Periampullary neoplasms are rapidly progressive tumors with a poor prognosis and high morbidity and mortality rates, which have a negative influence on patient outcomes. Some probiotics and prebiotics have the ability to protect the intestinal barrier and prevent bacterial translocation, infection, and postoperative complications. We evaluated the use of synbiotics in a prospective, double-blind study of patients undergoing surgery for periampullary neoplasms (PNs) and assessed the effect of these agents on nutritional status, postoperative complications, antibiotic use, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Patients were randomized to receive probiotics and prebiotics-synbiotics--group S [Lactobacillus acidophilus 10, 1 × 10(9)CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HS 111, 1 × 10(9) CFU, Lactobacillus casei 10, 1 × 10(9) CFU, Bifidobacterium bifidum, 1 × 10(9)CFU, and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 100 mg]--or placebo-controls--group C, twice daily, for a total of 14 days. Risk, clinical status, and postoperative complication rates were assessed. Twenty-three patients were allocated to each group. The incidence of postoperative infection was significantly lower in group S (6 of 23 patients, 26.1%) than in group C (16 of 23 patients, 69.6%) (P = 0.00). Duration of antibiotic therapy was also shorter in group S (mean = 9 days vs. 15 days in group C; P = 0.01). Noninfectious complications were less common in group S (6 of 23 vs. 14 of 23 patients in group C; P = 0.03). Mean length of hospital stay was 12 ± 5 days in group S vs. 23 ± 14 days in group C (P = 0.00). No deaths occurred in group S, whereas 6 deaths occurred in group C (P = 0.02). Perioperative administration of synbiotics reduces postoperative mortality and complication rates in patients undergoing surgery for PNs.
Subject(s)
Ampulla of Vater , Common Bile Duct Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Synbiotics/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Perioperative PeriodABSTRACT
Objetivos: identificar os métodos de avaliação nutricional pré-operatória que possam diagnosticar a desnutrição em pacientes com neoplasia periampolar. Métodos: estudo prospectivo com 29 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. As avaliações foram realizadas no pré-operatório e incluíam dados antropométricos, bioquímicos e clínicos. Resultados: dos pacientes analisados 86% apresentaram perda de peso, destes 88% foram classificados com perda de peso grave, a média de perda de peso foi de 13,81%. A dobra cutânea tricipital mostrou desnutrição e perda de massa magra em 25 pacientes (86%), em relação à dobra cutânea subescapular 19 pacientes tiveram diminuição da massa magra e foram classificados como desnutridos. Em relação à circunferência muscular do braço e a circunferência do braço identificou-se 7 (24%) e 5 (17%) pacientes com desnutrição, respectivamente. Na avaliação bioquímica a concentração sérica de albumina, transferrina e contagem total de linfócitos indicou redução correspondente à desnutrição em 12 (41%), 20 (69%) e 18 pacientes (62%) respectivamente. Quinze deles (52%) tinham diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus. Conclusão: todos os pacientes apresentaram alguma variável nutricional alterada, mas o índice de massa corporal e a dosagem de albumina demonstraram alteração com menor frequencia enquanto que o percentual de perda de peso e a dobra cutânea tricipital mostraram a maior capacidade para detectar desnutrição.
Aim: to identify methods of preoperative nutritional assessment that can establish the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with periampullary cancer. Methods: prospective study with 29 patients undergoing surgery in the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Assessments were performed during the preoperative period and included anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data. Results: eighty-six percent of the patients showed weight loss, and 88% of these were classified as severe weight loss, while their mean weight loss was 13.81%. Triceps skinfold thickness revealed malnutrition and lean body mass decrease in 25 patients (86%); in relation to the subscapular skinfold thickness, 19 patients had lean body mass decrease and were classified as malnourished. In terms of arm muscle circumference and arm circumference, 7 (24%) and 5 (17%) patients had malnutrition, respectively. In the biochemical evaluation, serum albumin, transferrin and lymphocytes total count decreased suggesting malnutrition in 12 (41%), 20 (69%) e 18 (62%) patients, respectively. Fifteen patients (52%) had diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: all patients were found to have some degree of malnutrition. Body mass index and serum albumin level showed to be the least sensitive among the parameters used, whereas weight loss percentage and triceps skinfold thickness had the highest sensitivity for malnutrition in these patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Preoperative Care , Anthropometry/methods , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
This is a case of a 33 weeks pregnant woman, presented 2 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with abdominal pain for 2 days. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed 1 day earlier in another hospital, without improving the pain. She presented at our hospital with acute abdominal pain and clinical signs of intestinal obstruction, undergoing an exploratory laparotomy that revealed a volvulus and necrosis of the jejunum from the gastroenteroanastomosis through the lateral enteroenterostomy, which was resected with the reconstruction of the Roux-en-Y limb performed at the same operation. Patient and neonate presented with improvement after surgery and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 15. Internal hernias after bariatric surgery have been reported as the cause of acute abdomen problems during pregnancy, which may progress to necrosis and perforation. The delay of surgical intervention could have brought a tragic outcome for mother and neonate.
Subject(s)
Gastric Bypass , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Intestinal Volvulus/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Adult , Anorexia/diagnosis , Anorexia/etiology , Female , Humans , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Intestinal Volvulus/complications , Intestinal Volvulus/surgery , Intestines/pathology , Nausea/diagnosis , Nausea/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , PregnancyABSTRACT
From 1977 to July 2002, 1,376 renal transplants were performed at Santa Casa of Porto Alegre. The number of transplants and the patient and graft survival rates have been rising each year since 1987. The overall one-year graft survival rates were 90% for living donor recipients and 80% for cadaver donor recipients, respectively; however, the patient and graft survival rates increased significantly between the early (1977-1995) and more recent (1996-2002) periods. Pediatric patients (less than 18 years old) accounted for 15.8% of the transplants that were performed, most of them from living related donors. The patient and graft survival rates did not differ statistically when we compared recipients of transplants from "ideal" and marginal cadaver donors, even when we considered only those risk factors that affected graft function in assigning a marginal donor. During the 25-year observation period, 537 grafts have been lost (39%), including those patients who died with functioning graft. We are currently following 834 patients with a functioning graft, with an average follow-up of 67+54 months.
Subject(s)
Graft Survival/physiology , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Actuarial Analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Cadaver , Child , Female , Humans , Kidney Transplantation/mortality , Kidney Transplantation/physiology , Living Donors , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam a evoluçäo histórica e a situaçäo atual do transplante de pâncreas. Säo discutidos alguns aspectos técnicos, a seleçäo dos pacientes e as indicaçöes deste procedimento, assim como seus benefícios e riscos
Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreas Transplantation/methodsABSTRACT
O transplante renal é o tratamento de escolha para a insuficiência renal crônica. Embora seja um procedimento já consolidado, o uso de medicaçäo imunossupressora associado às doencas própias do urêmico fazem com que as complicaçöes inerentes à cirurgia sejam potencialmente graves. Os autores relatam os problemas mais frequentes relacionados com a revascularizaçäo do enxerto, reconstruçäo urinária, hemostasia, infecçäo e formaçäo de coleçöes linfáticas
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
É apresentada a experiência do Serviço de Nefrologia da Santa Casa de Porto Alegre com o Transplante Simultâneo de Rim e Pâncreas (TxSRP) em diabéticos insulino-dependentes urêmicos. Entre agosto de 1987 e fevereiro de 1996 foram realizados nove TxSRP. A sobrevida do paciente do rim e do pâncreas foi de 88,9 por cento, 77,8 por cento e 76,2 por cento no primeiro ano e de 63,4 por cento, 51,8 por cento e 50,7 por cento no terceiro ano. Ocorreram quatro óbitos. Foram perdidos um enxerto renal e um pancreático. Ao final da observaçäo, cinco pacientes estavam vivos com enxerto renal funcionante e quatro com funçäo pancreática normal. O TxSRP pode, em determinadas situaçöes, ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de diabéticos insulino-dependentes urêmicos necessitando de transplante renal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Kidney Transplantation , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/surgery , Pancreas Transplantation , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Survival Analysis , Graft Rejection , Pancreas Transplantation/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Apresentamos os dados disponíveis relativos aos primeiros 520 transplantes renais na Santa Casa de Porto Alegre. A partir de 1989 foram realizados em média 75 transplantes por ano, sendo que em 1993 este número foi de 108, com 51,9 por cento provenientes de doadores cadavéricos. A sobrevida do enxerto no primeiro ano nos transplantes realizados após 1988 passou a ser de 89,8 por cento para doadores vivos e de 75 por cento para doadores cadavéricos. Durante o período de observaçäo (máximo de 17 anos e mínimo de 6 meses), 187 enxertos foram perdidos (36 por cento). Permanecem com enxerto funcionante 333 pacientes, com seguimento médio de 43.9 +/-31,7 meses. Em conclusäo, dois terços de nossos pacientes foram reabilitados e retornaram à uma vida produtiva, mostrando que o transplante renal näo pode ser encarado como uma terapêutica de elite, mas como uma forma de tratamento capaz de beneficiar a maioria dos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/historyABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam um caso de hiperparatiroidismo primário, diagnosticado inicialmente como resultante de um adenoma de paratiróide. Após a intervençäo cirúrgica, houve persistência do quadro hipercalcêmico, exigindo reintervençäo, ocasiäo em que ficou estabelecido o diagnótico final de hiperplasia glandular múltipla. Säo discutidos os aspectos peculiares do caso, com ênfase no diagnóstico diferencial das lesöes paratiróides e na indicaçäo de autotransplante pós-paratireoidectomia, que foi o recurso aqui utilizado
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis , Hyperparathyroidism/etiology , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Hyperplasia/complications , Parathyroidectomy , Transplantation, Autologous/methodsABSTRACT
A fibrose retroperitoneal idiopática é doença de etiología desconhecida, caracterizando-se por densa placa retroperitoneal que envolve um ou ambos ureteres, causando hidronefrose e impedindo a funçäo renal. A doença primária ou recorrente pode produzir dano ureteral extenso, resultando nas limitas opçöes cirúrgicas para a soluçäo do problema. Säo revisados 625 casos de fibrose retroperitoneal publicados na literatura. Säo descritos os fatores etiológicos, a idade, o sexo, os sinais, os sintomas, os exames complementares e o tratamento. É apresentado um caso tratados através de autotransplante renal
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Kidney/transplantation , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/surgery , Transplantation, Autologous , KidneyABSTRACT
Trinta e três complicaçöes foram observadas em oitenta e cinco pacientes submetidos a cento e trinta fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálise; cento e vinte por anastomose direta em diferentes níveis e dez com uso de substitutos. Trombose ocorreu em dezoito pacientes. Hipertensäo venosa, aneurisma da veia arterializada e infecçäo da ferida operatória ocorreram em cinco casos respectivamente
Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Thrombophlebitis/etiology , Venous Pressure , Renal DialysisABSTRACT
Relata-se experiência inicial com a realizaçäo de 33 fístulas arteriovenosas (FAV) em 31 urêmicos crônicos através de anastomose látero-lateral entre a artéria radial e a veia cefálica na tabaqueira anatômica, no período de 04/84 a 04/85. Vinte e sete FAV (81,6%) apresentaram permeabilidade imediata, três (9,1%) trombose imediata e, nos casos restantes, näo foi possível a anastomose por alteraçöes na veia. Das 27 inicialmente permeáveis, 18 estäo em uso. Quatro pacientes obituaram, três saíram do programa de hemodiálise e um ainda näo entrou. Houve uma trombose com três meses de funcionamento. A FAV na tabaqueira mostrou ser um bom método de acesso vascular, pois obteve-se 81,6% de sucesso inicial com apenas uma complicaçäo tardia. Este procedimento deve ser considerado como opçäo inicial para acesso vascular à hemodiálise
