Myogenic commitment of human stem cells by myoblasts Co-culture: a static vs. a dynamic approach.

An in-vitro model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) myogenic commitment by synergic effect of a differentiation media coupled with human primary skeletal myoblasts (hSkMs) co-culture was developed adopting both conventional static co-seeding and perfused culture systems. Static co-seeding provided a notable outcome in terms of gene expression with a significant increase of Desmin (141-fold) and Myosin heavy chain II (MYH2, 32-fold) at day 21, clearly detected also by semi-quantitative immunofluorescence. Under perfusion conditions, myogenic induction ability of hSkMs on hBM-MSCs was exerted by paracrine effect with an excellent gene overexpression and immunofluorescence detection of MYH2 protein; furthermore, due to the dynamic cell culture in separate wells, western blot data were acquired confirming a successful cell commitment at day 14. A significant increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, including IL-10 and IL-4 (15-fold and 11-fold, respectively) at day 14, with respect to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12A (7-fold at day 21) and IL-1ß (1.4-fold at day 7) was also detected during dynamic culture, confirming the immunomodulatory activity of hBM-MSCs along with commitment events. The present study opens interesting perspectives on the use of dynamic culture based on perfusion as a versatile tool to study myogenic events and paracrine cross-talk compared to the simple co-seeding static culture.

Shoulder pain in wheelchair users with tetraplegia and paraplegia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and intensity of shoulder pain experienced during daily functional activities in individuals with tetraplegia and individuals with paraplegia who use manual wheelchairs. DESIGN: Self-report survey. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five women and 140 men, 92 subjects with tetraplegia and 103 subjects with paraplegia who met inclusion criteria of 3 hours per week of manual wheelchair use and at least 1 year since onset of spinal cord injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents completed a demographic and medical history questionnaire and the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), a measure of pain during typical daily activities. RESULTS: More than two thirds of the sample reported shoulder pain since beginning wheelchair use, with 59% of the subjects with tetraplegia and 42% of the subjects with paraplegia reporting current pain. Performance-corrected WUSPI scores were significantly higher in subjects with tetraplegia than in subjects with paraplegia. CONCLUSIONS: Both the prevalence and intensity of shoulder pain was significantly higher in subjects with tetraplegia than in subjects with paraplegia. Efforts to monitor and prevent shoulder pain should continue after rehabilitation.

Easy Medic: an Internet application for the general practitioner.

A research project has been carried out to develop a client server application which supplies the general practitioner (GP) with a 'personal digital assistant' (hand-held mobile computer) to connect to Web servers at a hospital site through the Internet. This allows the doctor to book medical examinations, hospital admissions and manage patient data. The application used advanced object-oriented techniques, on both the client and the server side. The connection to a Web server was achieved through GSM wireless cellular telephones using standard Internet protocols (HTTP, TCP/IP and CGI). Conventional telephone lines can be used as well. Other application modules on the client side provided patients medical record supervision, GP schedule management, general information about hospitals and clinics, and pharmacy consultation. These services should help GPs in their daily work. Moreover, the quality of health-care resource management and cost supervision should improve, since each GP 'transaction' is automatically entered in realtime into a database at the server. The services are under test in the health-care system of an urban area in southern Italy.

[Trisomy 18 with unusual clinical and chromosome features]. / Trisomia 18 con caratteristiche cliniche e cromosomiche inconsuete.

The Authors describe a newborn with costal hypoplasia and vertebral malformation, tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital heart disease and closed hands with the second and third finger overlapping. Cytogenetic findings indicated trisomy 18 [47, XX, -1, +der(1), +der(18), t(1;18) (q1.2; p11.3)] inherited by mother's carried balanced translocation 1q/18.

Hepatitis in pre-school children: prevalent role of cytomegalovirus.

Virological and serological investigations were performed on 8 children with clinical and/or laboratory signs of hepatitis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) appeared as the most frequently involved etiologic agent, since it was associated with 5 severe or chronically-evolving cases. Out of the other 3 patients with non-CMV associated hepatitis, all completely recovering, two had clinically typical Epstein-Barr virus infections, while the remaining patient had an asymptomatic HBV infection.

Hepatitis in children with thalassemia major.

Since thalassemia major patients are transfusion dependent, they are at a particularly high risk of contracting post-transfusion hepatitis. In this study, 36 transfusion-dependent children were followed up for evidence of viral hepatitis. Of 23 with increased ALT levels, 17 were anti-CMV and 12 were anti-HCV positive, 9 were positive for both CMV and HCV. Of 13 children with normal transaminase levels, 5 were CMV positive and 3 were HCV positive. These results show that CMV may be a very common cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis in transfusion dependent thalassemic children.

Bovine carotid heterograft for segmental ureteral substitution.

Substitution of segments of traumatized or diseased ureter has been attempted often with little success. The ideal ureteral subsitute has yet to be found, and experiments with the newer biologically inert prosthetic materials such as the bovine carotid artery heterograft are warranted.