Trends in the Prevalence and Mortality of Cervical Cancer in the Kyrgyz Republic.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer represents a significant health concern globally and is the fourth most common cancer among women, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The primary cause is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Despite advancements in prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, disparities in cervical cancer outcomes persist due to variations in screening accessibility and socioeconomic factors. This study focuses on women in the Kyrgyz Republic, highlighting regional disparities and the critical role of early detection. METHODS: A retrospective data analysis was conducted on 1,338 women diagnosed with cervical cancer from 2012 to 2017 in the Kyrgyz Republic. Data were sourced from national health centers, focusing on sociodemographic metrics, clinical staging, and regional distributions. The study utilized statistical analysis to evaluate prevalence and mortality rates, employing the analysis of variance for comparison, significance, and analyzing trends over time. RESULTS: The prevalence of cervical cancer in the Kyrgyz Republic increased from 97.5 per 100,000 females in 2012 to 105.3 per 100,000 in 2017, with mortality rates of 8.3-9.7%. Notably, regional disparities were evident, with Chui, Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Bishkek experiencing increased prevalence rates, while Talas, Issyk-Kul, Naryn, and Batken reported decreased prevalence. Screening programs, particularly the introduction of Pap smears, have been effective in reducing both prevalence and mortality rates in areas with broad population coverage. However, the study highlighted significant variations in outcomes across different regions, underscoring the importance of targeted prevention and screening efforts. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the ongoing challenge of cervical cancer in the Kyrgyz Republic, emphasizing the need for improved screening and prevention strategies to address disparities in outcomes. The introduction of pilot screening programs represents a crucial step forward. However, the findings also point to the necessity for enhanced oncological literacy among primary care physicians and the implementation of comprehensive strategies to overcome socioeconomic and regional barriers to effective cervical cancer prevention and treatment. The reduction in prevalence observed in 2016 suggests progress, highlighting the potential impact of focused prevention and screening initiatives.

Adverse Effects of Cancer Treatment in Patients With Cervical Cancer.

BACKGROUND: In lower- to middle-income countries such as India, the literature on the adverse effects (AEs) of cancer treatment in patients with cervical cancer is very limited. This knowledge gap provides an opportunity to investigate and improve the quality of life for women with cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the AEs of various cancer treatment combinations in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: This observational, retrospective study analysed 1,030 women with cervical cancer, with a descriptive cross-sectional design, based on a review of medical records from patients who were followed up during the morbidity consultation conducted by a multidisciplinary team of doctors. The AEs of cancer treatment for women with cervical cancer were recorded in these medical records between October 14, 2019, and November 21, 2022, at 10 major public tertiary hospitals in India. RESULTS: This study analysed 1,030 women with cervical cancer aged between 21 and 80 years (mean age: 48.8 ± 13.9 years; p=0.30). Patients between the ages of 36-50 years reported the most AEs (30.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 29.1-32.8) among other age groups. Combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy (CT) was the type of cancer treatment in which there were more AEs, presenting in 56.0% (95% CI: 55-60.1) of patients. Adverse effects associated with the gastrointestinal system were observed in the majority (92.5%, 95% CI: 90.2-96.9) of cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSION: Exposure to different cancer treatments, particularly combination therapy, induces AEs in patients during and after cervical cancer treatment.

A rare case of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II.

We describe the follow-up of a 29-year-old man diagnosed with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II, including the different complications that presented since his childhood. Despite efforts to maintain an optimal quality of life, the lack of an early diagnosis led to an unfavorable prognosis and life condition.

A rare case of concurrent pulmonary and hepatic hydatid cysts treated by single-stage surgical management.

A 37-year-old woman was diagnosed with concurrent pulmonary and hepatic hydatid cysts. We performed simultaneous resection of hydatid cysts in the liver and right lung using a single-stage surgical procedure. The patient completely recovered.

A very rare case of splenosis and acquired chronic non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis with cavernous transformation.

We present a clinical case of a young woman who underwent splenectomy for thrombocytopenic splenomegaly at the age of 7 years. An acute diagnostic picture of splenosis of the left epigastric region and chronic non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis with cavernous transformation was found 20 years later.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology-based accurate and rapid diagnosis of breast tuberculosis mimicking an abscess.

A case of breast tuberculosis was initially misdiagnosed as a breast abscess and diagnosed definitively by minimally invasive fine-needle aspiration cytology. This definitive diagnosis enabled us to prevent widespread infection by early initiation of the standard anti-tuberculosis regimen. The patient recovered, and no disease recurrence was noted during follow-ups.

Use of B-complex vitamins and olfactory training for treating COVID-19-related anosmia.

A 42-year-old male patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. His symptoms improved 2 weeks after lopinavir therapy (800 mg/day). However, he was subsequently diagnosed with complete anosmia. Magnetic resonance brain imaging showed no abnormalities. We prescribed B-complex vitamins and olfactory training. Forty days later, he recovered.

CT patterns and differential criteria for acute eosinophilic pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia.

Difficulties encountered in diagnosing and treating COVID-19 pneumonia and acute eosinophilic pneumonia during the pandemic from 2019 to 2021 led to the identification and study of the differential features of the two conditions.

Mirror writing in a patient with frontal lobe epilepsy.

During the postictal period, the left cerebral hemisphere was affected by the seizures, and consecutive epileptiform discharges and disinhibition of the right cerebral hemisphere could have occurred, which may explain the observed behavior.