Prediction methods of maxillary canine impaction: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess the available evidence of prediction methods of maxillary canine impaction (MCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Bireme and Scielo until December 2020. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The methodology of the selected studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). RESULTS: A total of 2391 articles were identified in the first approach and after a 2-phase selection, 11 studies were included in qualitative analysis. Prediction methods were constructed using equation-based models, geometric measurements and computational methods from clinical and imaging data to predict palatal/buccal MCI. The quality of evidence was low to moderate due to the presence of risk of bias in most of the studies included. Three cohort studies with the best methodological quality proposed prediction models based on geometric measurements, canine position and facial growth pattern that would allow predicting MCI from CBCT, lateral and panoramic radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence is limited and most of the studies present a low methodological quality. However, it is possible to suggest that some prediction methods based on the position of the canine and facial growth pattern could predict palatal/buccal MCI in mixed dentition. Cohort studies with better methodological quality and long-term follow-up are needed to better validate a prediction model.

Craniofacial growth predictors for class II and III malocclusions: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of craniofacial growth predictors in class II and III malocclusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted until August 2020 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Bireme, Lilacs and Scielo including all languages. The articles were selected and analyzed by two authors independently and the selected studies was assessed using the 14-item Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation was assessed by the GRADE tool. RESULTS: In a selection process of two phases, 10 articles were included. The studies were grouped according to malocclusion growth predictor in (1) class II (n = 4); (2) class III (n = 5) and (3) class II and III (n = 1). The predictors were mainly based on data extracted from cephalometries and characterized by: equations, structural analysis, techniques and computer programs among others. The analyzed studies were methodologically heterogeneous and had low to moderate quality. For class II malocclusion, the predictors proposed in the studies with the best methodological quality were based on mathematical models and the Fishman system of maturation assessment. For class III malocclusion, the Fishman system could provide adequate growth prediction for short- and long-term. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the heterogeneity of the design, methodology and the quality of the articles reviewed, it is not possible to establish only a growth prediction system for class II and III malocclusion. High-quality cohort studies are needed, well defined data extraction from cephalometries, radiographies and clinical characteristics are required to design a reliable predictor.

Centric relation-intercuspal position discrepancy and its relationship with temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between centric relation-intercuspal position discrepancy (CR-ICP discrepancy) and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), by systematically reviewing the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic research was performed between 1960 and 2016 based on electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Scopus, EBSCOhost, BIREME, Lilacs and Scielo, including all languages. Analytical observational clinical studies were identified. Two independent authors selected the articles. PICO format was used to analyze the studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to verify the quality of the evidence. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-seven potentially eligible articles were identified. Twenty studies were analyzed, being grouped according to intervention in studies in orthodontic patients (n = 3) and studies in subjects without intervention (n = 17). Quality of evidence was low, with an average score of 3.36 according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. In most studies, the presence of CR-ICP discrepancy is associated with the presence of muscle (pain) and joint disorders (noise, disc displacement, pain, crepitus, osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis). However, the lack of consistency of the results reported reduces the validity of the studies making it impossible to draw any definite conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the heterogeneity of the design and methodology and the low quality of the articles reviewed, it is not possible to establish an association between CR-ICP discrepancy and TMD. The consequence of CR-ICP discrepancy on the presence of TMD requires further research, well-defined and validated diagnostic criteria and rigorous scientific methodologies. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify CR-ICP discrepancy as a possible risk factor for the presence of TMD.