ABSTRACT
El entorno urbanizado y edificado forma parte de los determinantes de la salud; también de la salud comunitaria. Por ello, pretendemos analizar la influencia del desarrollo urbanístico sobre la salud pública y comunitaria desde una perspectiva de género, la participación ciudadana en los proyectos de urbanismo y la accesibilidad. A partir de una revisión documental y un análisis narrativo, apoyado en la experiencia individual de los/las autores/as, encontramos diversos proyectos que ofrecen muy buenas condiciones para introducir la salud comunitaria en la planificación o la transformación de la ciudad: centros y patios escolares, vacíos urbanos y edificios en desuso, itinerarios urbanos para el paseo, y diversas actuaciones sobre el tejido residencial del barrio/municipio. En ellos, los procesos participativos, impulsados por instituciones o por la ciudadanía, que se desarrollan en el marco de proyectos de diagnóstico urbano y elaboración de planes y proyectos constituyen una doble oportunidad para trabajar en salud comunitaria: por un lado, considerándola como un objetivo, y por el otro, como una herramienta para diseñar entornos promotores del bienestar de la comunidad. La incorporación ciudadana y la colaboración de todos los agentes implicados, teniendo en cuenta su diversidad, es esencial y una responsabilidad compartida entre la Administración local y supralocal y la ciudadanía. La normativa debe construirse para ser facilitadora de los procesos, y su aplicación debe permitir que la población sea protagonista en la transformación de entornos favorecedores del bienestar y la salud
Urbanized and built-up environments are determinants of health as well as community health. Therefore, we intend to analyze the influence of urban development on both public and community health, from the perspective of gender, citizen participation in urban planning projects, and accessibility. From a bibliographic review and narrative analysis, based on the experience of the authors, we found several urban transformation projects focusing, in particular, on four large areas: school centres and playgrounds, empty urban spaces and disused buildings, pedestrian pathways, and various housing interventions. The participatory processes (driven by institutions and/or citizens) developed within the framework of urban diagnostic projects and the preparation of plans and projects, constitute a double opportunity to work on community health: on the one hand, considering them as an objective, and on the other, as a tool to design environments that promote the well-being of the community. The incorporation of citizens and the collaboration of all the agents involved, taking their diversity into account, are essential, and this is a shared responsibility between local/supra-local administration, and citizenship. Regulation must be designed to facilitate the processes and when it is applied must allow the population to take a central role in the transformation of environments that will promote well-being and health
Subject(s)
Humans , Community Health Centers/organization & administration , Community Health Planning/organization & administration , Community Participation/trends , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Local Health Strategies , Preventive Health Services/organization & administration , Social Determinants of Health/trends , Healthy City , City Planning/trendsABSTRACT
Urbanized and built-up environments are determinants of health as well as community health. Therefore, we intend to analyze the influence of urban development on both public and community health, from the perspective of gender, citizen participation in urban planning projects, and accessibility. From a bibliographic review and narrative analysis, based on the experience of the authors, we found several urban transformation projects focusing, in particular, on four large areas: school centres and playgrounds, empty urban spaces and disused buildings, pedestrian pathways, and various housing interventions. The participatory processes (driven by institutions and/or citizens) developed within the framework of urban diagnostic projects and the preparation of plans and projects, constitute a double opportunity to work on community health: on the one hand, considering them as an objective, and on the other, as a tool to design environments that promote the well-being of the community. The incorporation of citizens and the collaboration of all the agents involved, taking their diversity into account, are essential, and this is a shared responsibility between local/supra-local administration, and citizenship. Regulation must be designed to facilitate the processes and when it is applied must allow the population to take a central role in the transformation of environments that will promote well-being and health.
