Nephrectomy in 52 dogs for the treatment of Dioctophyme renale infection - Knowing the enemy to win.

Dioctophyme renale (D. renale) is a nematode that parasitizes the kidney of mammals. Treatment is often surgical, with removal of the affected organ. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and surgical aspects, the interval between diagnosis and treatment, the occurrence of pre- and intraoperative complications, and the postoperative survival time of dogs parasitized by D. renale undergoing therapeutic nephrectomy. Records of fifty-two dogs treated in a single hospital service were analyzed. We collected epidemiological data, laboratory results, diagnostic method, anesthetic protocol, surgical technique and time, type of antimicrobial prophylaxis, pre- and intraoperative complications, location and number of parasites, and postoperative survival time. Of the 52 dogs undergoing right nephrectomy by laparotomy, 61.5 % were female and 63.4 % were adults. Although the most common clinical sign was hematuria (25 %), 61.5 % of the patients were asymptomatic. Eosinophilia and increased serum urea were the only laboratory changes found. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 27.4 ± 23 days and no patient showed changes suggestive of surgical emergency. The most common surgical approach was the right paracostal (61.5 %), and a continuous suture pattern was predominant. Intraoperative complications occurred in 9.6 % of the procedures, varying from mild to severe hemorrhage. Mean postoperative survival was 835.5 ± 428 days. Dioctophymosis was effectively controlled by nephrectomy of the affected kidney, allowing a mean survival of more than 830 days. No serious complications caused by intervals between diagnosis and treatment have been reported. This is the largest retrospective study evaluating dogs infected with D. renale that were surgically treated.

Comparative toxicological assessment of three soils polluted with different levels of hydrocarbons and heavy metals using in vitro and in vivo approaches.

The biological effects induced by the pollutants present in soils, together with the chemical and physical characterizations, are good indicators to provide a general overview of their quality. However, the existence of studies where the toxicity associated to soils contaminated with mixtures of pollutants applying both in vitro and in vivo models are scarce. In this work, three soils (namely, Soil 001, Soil 002 and Soil 013) polluted with different concentrations of hydrocarbons and heavy metals were evaluated using different organisms representative of human (HepG2 human cell line) and environmental exposure (the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas putida and, for the in vivo evaluation, the annelid Enchytraeus crypticus). In vitro assays showed that the soluble fraction of the Soil 001, which presented the highest levels of heavy metals, represented a great impact in the viability of the HepG2 cells and S. cerevisiae, while organic extracts from Soils 002 and 013 caused a slight decrease in the viability of HepG2 cells. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that Soils 001 and 013 affected the survival and the reproduction of E. crypticus. Altogether, these results provide a general overview of the potential hazards associated to three specific contaminated sites in a variety of organisms, showing how different concentrations of similar pollutants affect them, and highlights the relevance of testing both organic and soluble extracts when in vitro safety assays of soils are performed.

Human sporotrichosis outbreak caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in a veterinary hospital in Southern Brazil.

Sporotrichosis is a mycotic disease caused by Sporothrix spp., whose zoonotic transmission by sick cats is the main infection route in Brazil. The aim of the current study is to report a human sporotrichosis outbreak caused by zoonotic transmission from a feline, with emphasis on the importance of making differential diagnosis and of using personal protective equipment. A hospital team member presented injury in the arm after having handled a cat that had been hospitalized for being hit by a car. The animal presented skin lacerations, myiasis, and full tibial fracture - there were no other signs of skin lesions. Clinical samples were collected from both the human and the suspected cat, for mycological culture; results have shown Sporothrix sp. growth. A search was conducted to identify other hospital team members who also had contact with the animal. Other six individuals also had suspected lesions in their arms, hands and ocular area; they were all subjected to sample collection. Mycological results have also confirmed Sporothrix spp.; sequencing analysis has shown that all seven humans were infected with Sporothrix brasiliensis. Since Southern Brazil is endemic of this disease, it is worth emphasizing the importance of taking into consideration zoonotic risks at the time to provide emergency care to stray animals, mainly felines, as well as of using Personal Protective Equipment while handling them - regardless of whether they present, or not, typical clinical symptoms or history of the disease, given the potential zoonotic risk posed by Sporothrix brasiliensis.

Peritonite séptica em fêmea canina - relato de caso / Septic peritonitis in female canine - case report

A inflamação do peritônio é denominada peritonite e pode ser classificada d e acordo com a origem (primária ou secundária), com o grau de contaminação (asséptica, séptica ou mista) e com a extensã o (localizada ou generalizada) (ZIMMERMANN et al., 2006). A peritonite generalizada bacteriana é a forma predominante em cães e geralmente surge por contaminação pelo trato gastrointestinal, secundária a uma deiscênc ia de ferida cirúrgica (FOSSUM, 2008) , ma s também por perfurações do trato gastrintestinal, neoplasias, ulcerações, ferimentos por armas de fogo e intussuscepção ( ZIMMERMANN et al., 200 6). O diagnóstico de peritonite basea - se na anamnese, nos sinais clínicos, nos dados laboratoria is e no diagnóstico por imagem . Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar o caso de uma peritonite séptica, ocorrida após enterectomia, realizada devido a um caso de intu ssuscepção, em uma fêmea canina.

Disease progression of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat

AntecedentesEl pseudomicetoma dermatofítico es una infección fúngica subcutánea causada por Microsporum canis.ObjetivosEste trabajo describe un caso de pseudomicetoma dermatofítico presentado por un gato persa.Paciente y métodoUna gata de raza Persa, de 3 años de edad, con signos de alopecia, eritema y nódulos ulcerados, los dos primeros distribuidos en todo el cuerpo, presentó exudado granuloso de color amarillento en los nódulos ulcerados de la región dorsal, próxima a la cola. Fueron realizados exámenes micológicos e histopatológicos.ResultadosEl diagnóstico de pseudomicetoma dermatofítico fue confirmado a través del cultivo y examen histopatológico de las muestras extraídas. El tratamiento se basó en el suministro de griseofulvina y extirpación quirúrgica, obteniéndose una respuesta eficaz durante los primeros meses con reducción en el número de nódulos observados. Con el transcurso del tiempo, y aún bajo tratamiento, fue constatada la reincidencia de las lesiones que finalmente llevaron a la muerte del animal.ConclusionesLa evolución clínica evidenció el carácter progresivo y recurrente del pseudomicetoma dermatofítico(AU)

BackgroundDermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a subcutaneous fungal infection by Microsporum canis.AimsThis work describes a case of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat.Patient and methodsA 3-year old female Persian cat showing alopecia, scaling and ulcerated nodules throughout the body, with presence of ulcerated nodules with yellow granular discharges on the dorsum, close to the tail. Mycological and histopathological examinations were realized.ResultsDiagnosis of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma was established. The cat was treated with griseofulvin, and surgical excision was carried out. Response to therapy was effective during the first months, during which a reduction in nodule frequency was observed. However, despite maintaining the therapy levels, the lesions relapsed and progressed to the point of causing the animal's death.ConclusionThe clinic evolution showed the progressive and recurrent character of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma(AU)

Disease progression of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat.

BACKGROUND: Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma is a subcutaneous fungal infection by Microsporum canis. AIMS: This work describes a case of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a Persian cat. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 3-year old female Persian cat showing alopecia, scaling and ulcerated nodules throughout the body, with presence of ulcerated nodules with yellow granular discharges on the dorsum, close to the tail. Mycological and histopathological examinations were realized. RESULTS: Diagnosis of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma was established. The cat was treated with griseofulvin, and surgical excision was carried out. Response to therapy was effective during the first months, during which a reduction in nodule frequency was observed. However, despite maintaining the therapy levels, the lesions relapsed and progressed to the point of causing the animal's death. CONCLUSION: The clinic evolution showed the progressive and recurrent character of dermatophytic pseudomycetoma.

Functional morphology of unguiculiform papillae of the reticular groove in the ruminant stomach.

The arrangement of the ruminant stomach in four gastric compartments with specialized mucosal papillae along the gastric groove (GG) has been previously described. However, a debate remains about functional implications of these morphological pecularities. This study was aimed to elucidate the relation between the papillar morphology and its putative functions. The GG was obtained from adult bovine stomachs (n=10) and subdivided into (1) proximal, (2) middle, (3) distal portion of the reticular groove (RG) and (4) the area of the reticulo-omasal sphincter (ROS). The specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy to analyze the density, shape and location of the papillae. Whereas the proximal portion of the RG was characterized by small (1.5mm), conically shaped, smooth papillae, the middle portion exhibited larger papillae (4mm) with sharp borders covered by keratin. Towards the ROS the papillae further increased in size (3-11mm) and showed compound or single processes resembling the shape of arrows, twisted hooks or thorns (unguiculliform papillae). At the ROS the unguiculliform papillae were distributed in clusters groups and along the border of the sphincter. Due to their peculiar morphological features it is suggested that unguiculliform papillae functions as a filter barrier preventing the passage of large-sized food particles into the omasum and avoiding subsequent obstruction of both the RG and the ROS. The data give further evidence that unguiculliform papillae are actively involved in the complex mechanisms of food processing taking place within the ruminant pluricavity stomach.

Bolsa encapsulada en cirugía filtrante con base fornix y base limbo / Encapsulated bleb in fornix and limbal based filtering surgery

Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados de glaucomas primario de ángulo abierto y analizamos la relación del colgajo conjuntival con el encapsulamiento de la ampolla filtrante. Un total de 164 trabeculectomías de las cuales 87 fueron operados en base a fornix y 77 en base limbo. La incidencia fue significativamente mayor de encapsulamiento de la ampolla en los de limbo que en los de base fornix.

Bolsa encapsulada en cirugía filtrante con base fornix y base limbo / Encapsulated bleb in fornix and limbal based filtering surgery

Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados de glaucomas primario de ángulo abierto y analizamos la relación del colgajo conjuntival con el encapsulamiento de la ampolla filtrante. Un total de 164 trabeculectomías de las cuales 87 fueron operados en base a fornix y 77 en base limbo. La incidencia fue significativamente mayor de encapsulamiento de la ampolla en los de limbo que en los de base fornix.(AU)