Caffeine consumption and association with sleep duration and screen time in Brazilian adolescents (ERICA Study).

OBJECTIVES: Some studies have demonstrated that caffeine consumption is a risk factor for insufficient sleep or poor sleep quality in adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the average daily caffeine consumption and to investigate the association between caffeine, sleep duration, and screen time in a large sample of Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: We evaluated data from 71 533 adolescents aged 12 to 17 y, who participated in the ERICA study (Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents). Caffeine intake was extracted from 24-h dietary recalls of caffeine-containing products. The mean daily intake of caffeine/mg and caffeine/mg/kg, the prevalence of caffeine intake, and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to the general characteristics. Associations between caffeine consumption, sleep duration, and screen time were analyzed by a multinomial logistic regression model, considering P < 0.05. RESULTS: The overall average daily caffeine intake was 99.45 mg (95% CI, 91.43-107.47) and 1.88 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.71-2.04). Daily caffeine intake >3 mg/kg was significantly associated with screen time ≤2 h/d (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.26) and sleep duration ≥8 h (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.46), which remained significant after adjustment. The time of day of the highest caffeine consumption was in the morning (05:00-12:59). The most consumed caffeine-containing product was coffee (35%), followed by soda (27%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that caffeine consumption does not interfere with sleep duration or screen time. Moreover, the study provided important information about the source of caffeine most consumed by Brazilian adolescents, which could help professionals plan appropriate caffeine consumption.

Dyslipidemia in Adolescents Seen in a University Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil: Prevalence and Association / Dislipidemia em Adolescentes Atendidos em um Hospital Universitário no Rio de Janeiro/Brasil: Prevalência e Associação

Abstract Background: Early exposure to obesity favors greater risks of cardiovascular factors such as dyslipidemia. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and to evaluate its association with nutritional status of the adolescents attended at the ambulatory of the Adolescent Health Studies Center of the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study, the sample of which was of convenience, consisting of adolescents from 12 to 18 years old of both genders. The lipid profile was evaluated, along with its association with the anthropometric indicators: body mass index and waist circumference. For statistical analysis, a significance level of 5% was used. Results: A total of 239 adolescents, 104 boys (43.5%) and 135 girls (56.5%) were evaluated and, of these, 52 (21.8%) were eutrophic, 60 (25.1%) overweight, and 127 (53.1%) obese. Obeseadolescents had significantly lower mean values of HDL-cholesterol (44.7 mg/dl vs 53.9 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and higher triglycerides (109.6 mg/dl vs 87.3 mg/dl; p = 0.01). The changes with higher prevalence were low HDL-cholesterol (50.6%), hypercholesterolemia (35.1%), and hypertriglyceridemia (18.4%). A negative association of HDL-cholesterol with body mass index and a positive association of triglycerides with body mass index could be observed, even after adjustment for gender and skin color. Conclusion: This study demonstrated high prevalence of dyslipidemia among adolescents. In view of the significant association between lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased triglycerides with overweight, the control of these factors should receive attention, with the precocious diagnosis of the dyslipidemia being important, mainly if it is associated with another cardiovascular risk, to develop effective intervention strategies.

Resumo Fundamentos: Exposição precoce à obesidade favorece maiores riscos de fatores cardiovasculares como dislipidemias. Objetivos: Estabelecer a prevalência de dislipidemia e avaliar sua associação com o estado nutricional de adolescentes atendidos no ambulatório de atenção secundária do Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional, cuja amostra foi de conveniência e compreendeu adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos. Avaliado o perfil lipídico e sua associação com os indicadores antropométricos: índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 239 adolescentes, 104 meninos (43,5%) e 135 meninas (56,5%) e destes, 52 (21,8%) apresentaram eutrofia, 60 (25,1%) sobrepeso e 127 (53,1%) obesidade. Os adolescentes com obesidade apresentaram valores médios de HDL-colesterol significativamente menores (44,7 mg/dl vs. 53,9 mg/dl; p < 0,001) e triglicerídeos maiores (109,6 mg/dl vs. 87,3 mg/dl; p = 0,01). As alterações com maior prevalência foram HDL-colesterol baixo (50,6%), hipercolesterolemia (35,1%) e hipertrigliceridemia (18,4%). Foi possível observar associação negativa do HDL-colesterol com o índice de massa corporal e associação positiva dos triglicerídeos com o índice de massa corporal, mesmo após ajuste para gênero e cor da pele. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou alta prevalência de dislipidemia entre os adolescentes. Tendo em vista a associação significativa entre baixos níveis de HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos aumentados com excesso de peso, o controle destes fatores deve receber atenção, sendo importante o diagnóstico precoce da dislipidemia principalmente se associada a outro risco cardiovascular, para desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção.

Dyslipidemia in Adolescents Seen in a University Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil: Prevalence and Association.

BACKGROUND: Early exposure to obesity favors greater risks of cardiovascular factors such as dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and to evaluate its association with nutritional status of the adolescents attended at the ambulatory of the Adolescent Health Studies Center of the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, observational study, the sample of which was of convenience, consisting of adolescents from 12 to 18 years old of both genders. The lipid profile was evaluated, along with its association with the anthropometric indicators: body mass index and waist circumference. For statistical analysis, a significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS: A total of 239 adolescents, 104 boys (43.5%) and 135 girls (56.5%) were evaluated and, of these, 52 (21.8%) were eutrophic, 60 (25.1%) overweight, and 127 (53.1%) obese. Obeseadolescents had significantly lower mean values of HDL-cholesterol (44.7 mg/dl vs 53.9 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and higher triglycerides (109.6 mg/dl vs 87.3 mg/dl; p = 0.01). The changes with higher prevalence were low HDL-cholesterol (50.6%), hypercholesterolemia (35.1%), and hypertriglyceridemia (18.4%). A negative association of HDL-cholesterol with body mass index and a positive association of triglycerides with body mass index could be observed, even after adjustment for gender and skin color. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated high prevalence of dyslipidemia among adolescents. In view of the significant association between lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased triglycerides with overweight, the control of these factors should receive attention, with the precocious diagnosis of the dyslipidemia being important, mainly if it is associated with another cardiovascular risk, to develop effective intervention strategies.