[The role of alimentary oxidants and antioxidants in carcinogenesis]. / A táplálék oxidáns és antioxidáns anyagainak szerepe a carcinogenesisben.

Malignancies have a distinguished role among leading causes of death around the world. As a result of more effective preventive efforts of cardiovascular diseases malignancies will reach the top of death statistics in the near future. The increased incidence of malignant tumors may be attributed to smoking, in temperate alcohol abuse, as well as inappropriate nutrition. Inappropriate nutrition is thought to be responsible for the development of about 30-50% of malignancies. In the present review the authors analyze the uniform theory of carcinogenesis and the possible mechanisms by which certain nutritive factors may interfere with the complex process of carcinogenesis. The mechanism of "oxidative stress" is detailed, in particular the impact of prooxidants (also referred to as free radicals) on tumor development and the central role of lipid peroxidation. In addition to alimentary free radicals the relevance of alcohol abuse in carcinogenesis is also studied. Against the undesirable free radical reactions a complex natural antioxidant (free radical scavenger) system exists, that is responsible for anticarcinogenesis. The authors introduce the dietary antioxidants, their known effects of mechanisms, and their possible role in chemoprevention and therapy of malignancies, based on several experimental and epidemiological data.

[Multiple lymphomatous polyposis--rare case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. / Multiplex lymphomatosus polyposis--gastrointestinalis vérzés ritka esete.

The authors report a case of a 57 years old male patient, who was admitted to gastroenterology department with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an ulcerated polypoid tumor in the region of angulus of the stomach, and multiple polypoid lesions in the bulbar part of the duodenum. Upon this endoscopic appearance colonoscopy was performed, which revealed a polyposis syndrome in the colorectum. Computer tomography detected mesenterial, retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymph node involvement as well. In this case the primary or secondary origin of the gastrointestinal lymphoma was not verifiable. According to literature data this histological type of the gastrointestinal lymphoma has poor response to chemotherapy, the prognosis is unfavourable. In this particular case the administered chemotherapy resulted in total remission at the lymphoma patient clinically staging III Ae. In the proper follow-up examinations of the patient upper and lower endoscopy, histology samples, laboratory parameters, computer tomography, and physical examination in every 3 months are the methods.

[Endoscopic treatment of cholestasis caused by Ascaris lumbricoides]. / Ascaris lumbricoides okozta cholestasis endoszkópos megoldása.

The most common infection of the hepatobiliary system and of the pancreas is the infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides. Pancreatobiliary ascariasis may present as recurrent biliary colic, acalculous cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, or hepatic abscess. Although ultrasonography is a highly sensitive and specific method for the detection of the disease, endoscopy may have also therapeutical potential. The majority of these infections is registered in developing countries, but the number of reports from Europe and North America is increasing. So far there has not been any publication from Hungary. Both of the two reported patients were admitted the hospital with colic pain in the right hypochondrium. The laboratory parameters revealed cholestasis. The transabdominal ultrasonography was normal in one case, but suspected alien body in the choledochus in the other patient. Ascaris lumbricoides was identified with endoscopic procedure in the ductus choledochus in both cases. Endoscopic extraction of the worm resulted in cessation of the complaints in both patients, their cholestatic laboratory parameters became normal. Although the parasitic tests in the stool were negative in both patients and in their relatives, mebendazole therapy was administered.