[An experimental study of the toxicological characteristics of ships' wastes for the hygienic validation of technological layouts of new water-protection equipment]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie toksikologicheskikh kharakteristik sudovykh stochnykh vod dlia gigienicheskogo obosnovaniia tekhnologicheskikh skhem novogo vodookhrannogo oborudovaniia.

The effect of waste waters, as well as of waste waters, that had undergone physicochemical treatment and disinfection, on the organism of experimental animals was investigated. The influence of purified and nonpurified sewage on the morphological structure of organs (liver, brain, kidney, myocardium), on the biochemical processes in experimental animals' tissues, on the immune reactivity of experimental animals was determined. The improvement of the morphological structures of the organs under study, of certain biochemical indices and bioimmunological reactivity of animals under peroral and dermal exposure to the purified waste waters gives the grounds for the conclusion on the biological safety and effective detoxication of waste waters which have undergone purification with the use of aluminum-containing coagulant of the aluminum oxichloride type, and which have been disinfected by ultraviolet irradiation.

[Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of using aluminum oxychloride for purification of ships' waste water]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti primeneniia oksikhloridov aliuminiia dlia ochistki sudovykh stochnykh vod.

Treatment of multicomponent composition ship waste waters by an aluminum-containing waste is substantiated from the hygienic point of view both in laboratory and field studies. The tested principle of treatment provides deep purification of liquid wastes according to the following indicators; particulate matter--95.3%; BCO5--90.0%; oil products--99.5%; cadmium--70.3%; iron--30.0%; phenol--48.1%; SSAS--37.5%. The effectiveness of coagulation of the combined sewage independent of quantitative ratios of bilgeway and waste waters has been confirmed with the help of regression-correlative analysis, which alongside the use of aluminum oxychlorides at the functioning installations of sewage purification and disinfection testify to the possibility of forming of principally new and effective samples of compact ship water protective equipment.

Peculiarities of influenza infection caused by highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus.

The authors studied the peculiarities of the course of experimental influenza infection induced by the administration of highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus to mice. Influenza viruses with varying immunogenic activity were obtained from the vaccine strain A/Victoria/35/72/50 (H3N2) by immunoselection modelling the process of natural selection. The administration of strains with high and poor immunogenicity to mice of the F1 (CBA X C57B1) line led to the development of acute influenza infection accompanied by reproduction of viruses in the tissue of the lungs and other internal organs. The poorly immunogenic strain 5/II-Victoria, unlike the initial virus A/Victoria/35 and its highly immunogenic variant 2/I-Victoria, is able to circulate for a long time in the organism of the infected animal causing development of chronic inflammatory processes and stimulating the formation of neoplasms. Immunogenicity is thus one of the factors determining the character of the course of experimental influenza infection. A conclusion was drawn concerning the epidemiological and aetiological importance of viruses with reduced immunogenicity and their role in the evolution of influenza virus. It is presumed that reduced immunogenicity is one of the adaptation mechanisms of aggression permitting the population of influenza virus to escape control by specific humoral immunity.

[Determination of the degree of antigenic novelty and of the epidemic currency of influenza virus strains]. / Opredelenie stepeni antigennoi novizny i épidemicheskoi aktual'nosti shtammov virusa grippa.

A simple, practically feasible method based on neutralization of viruses with antibodies present in pools of placental immunoglobulin followed by their reactivation from the complex has been proposed for objective evaluation of the protection of the population against circulating variants of influenza virus and preliminary assessment of their antigenic novelty. The data obtained by this method show that the study may be done within a comparatively short period and will give an objective evaluation of the antigenic novelty and epidemic importance of various influenza virus strains with reference to the immunological status of the population in a definite region which permits one not only to determine the epidemic hazard of the strains for the present time but also to prognosticate it for the future.

[Morphofunctional changes in the spleen in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. / Morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia selezenki pri idiopaticheskoi trombotsitopenicheskoi purpure.

Morphofunctional changes in the spleen in this disease were assessed using a number of histological, histoenzymochemical, morphometric, cytological, and immunological methods. The study included 52 operatively removed spleens. Hyperplastic changes in the white pulp varying in different age groups were demonstrated. Irrespective of the age, an increase in the number of macrophages and a decrease in the number of rosette-forming cells in the spleen tissue were observed, indicating disorders in cooperation of cells of the immunocompetent system, immunodeficiency state.

[Manifestations of influenza-virus variability during its cultivation in the system of passively immunized chick embryos]. / Proiavleniia izmenchivosti virusa grippa pri kul'tivirovanii ego v sisteme passivno immunizirovannykh kurinykh embrionov.

A method of immunological actions on the influenza virus in the system of chick embryos passively immunized with isologous sera was elaborated. With the aid of the suggested method it was possible to induce in strains (with different hemagglutinin type and different degree of attenuation) the transformation of signs characterizing the virus variability in the epidemic process. Variants of the vaccine strains of the influenza virus with increased immunogenic activity and signs of antigenic "outrunning" were obtained. Experimental vaccines from these variants were nonreactogenic for humans and caused a more frequent seroconversion than the initial strain. The diagnostic agents from the variants revealed antibodies in human sera and gamma-globulin, similarly to the "new" viruses isolated from man. The theoretical significance and the aspects of practical utilization of the data obtained are discussed.

[Treatment and prevention of experimental pneumonias, caused by L forms of bacteria]. / Lechenie i profilaktika éksperimental'nykh pnevmonii, vyzvannykh L-formami bakterii

On a model of experimental pneumonia in mice caused by the L-forms of bacteria against the background of diminished immunity a study was made of the therapeutic efficacy of penicillin, lincomycin, lysozyme and gamma-globulin. Lincomycin, particularly in combination with biologically-active preparations, proved to be expedience for the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumonia caused by the mentioned bacteria; a rapid arrest of pneumonic process occurred and more animals survived. In the greater percentage of cases the use of penicillin was accompanied by generalization of the process.