[Biomarkers of system inflammation in local and diffuse peritonitis]. / Markery sistemnogo vospaleniia pri mestnom i rasprostranennom peritonite.

In cases of any acute surgical abdominal disease the progression of purulent inflammation can lead to local or diffuse peritonitis. The indicators of the degree and specificity of the inflammatory response in blood such as cytokine concentration, neutrophil activity, plasma antioxidant capacity (thiols concentration) could be considered as potential predictors of complications. The luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) response of blood activated by the phorbol ester (PMA), and the concentration of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and thiols in plasma were measured in patients with uncomplicated condition (group 1, n=8), local peritonitis (group 2, n=9) or diffuse peritonitis (group 3, n=9) at admission to surgery (before surgical operation, b/o), immediately after surgical operation (a/o) and a day after surgery (1 day) as well as in healthy volunteers (norm, n=12). In all time-points the cytokines and MPO concentrations measured by ELISA, in group 3 were higher than in healthy volunteers and in patients in groups 1 and 2. Blood CL demonstrated a more than 5-fold increase above the normal values in all patients, and was also higher in group 2 as compared to group 1 (b/o and a/o). Patients in group 3 had shown both maximum and minimum of CL values, which could be a consequence of neutrophil priming or exhaustion ("immune paralysis"), respectively. The same patients' plasma exhibited low thiol concentration (≤30% vs normal values). In patients with fatal outcomes (group 3, n=2) within a day after surgery, either a decrease of the CL to zero values concurrently with elevated IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations and low thiol levels was observed, or CL exceeded normal values more than 20 times with concurrent complete exhaustion of the plasma thiol pool. No clear dependency between the plasma parameters and neutrophil activity was found. Hence a parameter set for prognosis and/or early diagnosis of infectious complications in acute abdominal pathology should include different biomarkers of the inflammatory response: cytokine profile (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), MPO and neutrophil activity, antioxidant plasma capacity (e.g., total thiols concentration).

[THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AGENTS OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS OF URINARY TRACTS AND SENSITIVITY OF MAIN UROPATHOGENS TO ANTIBACTERIAL PREPARATIONS IN MOSCOW IN 2013].

The article presents the results of analysis of spectrum of agents of community-acquired infections of urinary tracts in Moscow The prevalence of resistance these infections to antibiotics applied in treatment of the mentioned pathology are considered.

[ECG based diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Sposoby diagnostiki gipertrofii pravogo zheludochka serdtsa u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom po dannym élektrocardiogrammy.

Two mathematical models developed on the basis of a discriminant analysis of the evidence obtained in examination of 84 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) are proposed in early diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) by ECG readings in COB patients. Application of hierarchic classification model is recommended for diagnosis of RVH in screening. The probability model is intended for follow-up of COB patients.

[Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with cerebrovascular disease]. / Sostoianie éndoteliizavisimoi vazodiliatsii u bol'nykh tserebrovaskuliarnoi bolezn'iu.

The aim of the study was to examine changes in vasodilatory endothelial function in early cerebrovascular disease of atherosclerotic genesis. All the examinees underwent ultrasonic investigation, test for reactive hyperemia of the brachial artery to evaluate vasodilatory function of the endothelium. Disturbances in the flow-dependent vasodilation were detected at initial stages of the disease, aggravated with the progress of cerebrovascular disease and therefore could serve the earliest, objective indicator of atherosclerotic process.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae 01, isolated in the Ukraine in 1994]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' kholernykh vibrionov 01, vydelennykh na Ukraine v 1994 g.

One thousand and four hundred strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated in 1994 in the Ukraine were studied with respect to their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. The study showed that it was possible not only to estimate the present tendencies in and the regularities of the change in their character but also to presuppose the probable circulation and incidence of the microbe based on the differences in the susceptibility, frequency and resistance pattern of the strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated from the environment and humans before and during the cholera outbreak. Unlike the strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated from the environment before the outbreak, the strains isolated during the outbreak from the environment and humans were characterized by resistance to levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and streptomycin. The results suggested that the cholera outbreak in 1994 was incidental. The data are useful for cholera epidemic surveillance. However, the final conclusion is possible after investigation of the gene type pattern in the circulating V. cholerae strains.

[Experimental and clinical study of antibiotics administered intravitreally in endophthalmitis]. / Eksperimental'no-klinicheskoe izuchenie antibiotikov pri intravitreal'nom vedenii pri éndoftal'mitakh.

The concentrations of gentamicin and cefotaxime (claforan) in the humor of the anterior chamber and vitreous body of the eye were estimated in the study on the pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics in rabbits. The antibiotics were administered intravitreally in single doses. It was shown that the residence time of the antibiotics in the therapeutic concentrations in the eye cavity was 48 hours. Cefotaxime proved to be the most efficient agent in the prevention and treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis.

[The comparative characteristics of the antibiotic sensitivity of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika antibiotikochuvstvitel'nosti psikhrofil'nykh i mezofil'nykh aéromonad.

The general regularities of the antibiotic susceptibility of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads were determined. The antibioticograms were in general similar. Still, there was observed a higher susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and rifampicin, as well as a larger number of strains susceptible to semisynthetic broad spectrum penicillins (ampicillin and carbenicillin) and cephazoline. The susceptibility to aminoglycosides was lower.

[Sensitivity of Vibrio and Aeromonas to antibiotics]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam vibrionov i aéromonad.

The antibiotic sensitivity of 696 cultures belonging to the family Vibrionaceae (V. cholerae O1, V. cholerae non-O1, V. albensis, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas spp.) was studied and general regularities of the antibiotic sensitivity were shown: a high sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) and a low sensitivity to ++beta lactams (carbenicillin and ampicillin). The comparative examinations revealed similarity in the antibioticograms of V. cholerae O1 (el Tor++), V. cholerae non-O1 and V. albensis, especially the latter two groups, as well as the tested halophilic Vibrio cultures by the range of the MICs, Mo, Me and the nature of the antibiotic resistance. Cultures of V. cholerae and luminescent Vibrio tended to preserve a high sensitivity. High resistance levels were noted in the halophilic Vibrio and Aeromonas cultures. No significant differences in the sensitivity of the strains of various origin (from man and environmental objects) were detected. However, several more resistant strains were isolated from the environmental objects.

[Qualification requirements for physician-bacteriologists]. / Kvalifikatsionnye trebovaniia k vrachu-bakteriologu.

The authors present the qualification requirements to laboratory physicians specialized in bacteriology. The knowledge and skills of a bacteriologist, necessary for his organizations, methodologic, prophylactic, and diagnostic activities, are listed.

[Standardization of the methods for determining microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics. Semiquantitative and quantitative evaluation of the results of the diffusion test]. / Ob unifikatsii metodov opredeleniia chuvstvitel'nosti mikroorganizmov k antibiotikam. Polukolichestvennaia i kolichestvennaia otsenka rezul'tatov diffuzionngo testa.

On the basis of the literature data and experimental findings approaches are proposed for improving the agar diffusion method for determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics involving a semiquantitative or quantitative system for interpretation of the diffusion data obtained with the use of a new nutrient medium.

[Comparative antibiotic sensitivity of different species of staphylococci isolated from humans]. / Sravnitel'naia chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam razlichnykh vidov stafilokokkov, vydelennykh ot liudei

A total of 206 strains of various staphylococcal species isolated from various sources were studied with respect to their sensitivity to 18 antibiotics. The number of strains poly-resistant to the antibiotics was almost the same among Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis, i. e. 54.8 and 51.3 per cent respectively. The coagulase-negative and mannitol-negative variants of Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis possessing high biological activity (10-14 properties) were resistant to more antibiotics as compared to the low active strains.

[Comparative study of the antibiograms as well as serotype and virulence of Ps. aeruginosa cultures]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie antibiogram, a takzhe serotipa i virulentnosti kul'tur Ps. aeruginosa

Seven antibiotics, such as gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, polymyxin M, carbenicillin, tetracycline and rifampicin were studied with respect to their effect on 260 strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various sources within 1945-1971. Gentamycin and polymyxin M proved to be most active in vitro. Carbenicillin showed moderate activity. The sensitivity levels of the cultures of Ps. aeruginosa isolated from various sources within 30 years were identical. Serological typing of 59 cultures of Ps. aeruginosa was performed and their virulence was studied in parallel with their antibiotic sensitivity testing. No correlation between the antibiograms, serotypes and virulence of Ps. aeruginosa was found.

[Sensitivity to antibiotics of the microflora isolated from endometritis after infected abortion]. / Chustvitelnost k antibiotikam mikroflory, vydelennoi pri endometritakh posle infitsirovannovo aborta.

PIP: Microflora from the endometrium of 63 women, taken after infected abortion, was studied. The material was cultured in various mediums and was subjected to the antibiotics penicillin, streptomycin, enythomycin, neomycin, levomycin, monomycin, and tetracycline. The cultures of a staphlococci were most sensitive to neomycin, monomycin, and erythromycin. They were less sensitive to levomycin, and tetracycline. The cultures also possessed an expressed sensitivity to penicillin and streptomycin. The prevailing microflora taken from these patients was staphlococci.^ieng