[Influence micronization and cooking on changes in inhibitor tripsin of leguminous plants].

Legumes are one of the cheapest protein sources. But most of them contains inhibitors tripsin and needs in long processing. Micronization and cooking of legumes only partly destructs the protease inhibitors. The using this products as fast processing food is unwished.

[Lipid metabolism, features of nutrition and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in cohorts of Canadian Inuits and Taimyr Nganasans]. / Sostoianie lipidnogo obmena, osobennosti pitaniia i faktory riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v gruppakh inuitov Kanady i nganasan Taimyra.

Lipids metabolism and blood lipid profiles in native populations of Northern Asia (Nganasans, n = 43) and Northern Canada (Inuits, n = 151) have been studied. Estimation of serum PUFA of omega-6 and omega-3 series in Nganasans testifies to shifting of their diet to "western" type. Three types of dietary patterns have been observed in inuits: traditional one (among age group of 40-69), "western" (among age group of 18-29) and intermediate, transitional (among age group of 30-39). Age differences in concentrations of total cholesterol, summarized fraction of low density and very low density lipoproteins in Nganasans and Inuits were similar, however, Inuits had higher levels of blood lipids including HDL-cholesterol. Concentrations of apoB lipoproteins were significantly higher in Inuits, however, apoA-1/apoB ratios were estimated as more than 1.0 in both groups and the differences were not significant. Correlation between fatty acid composition and lipid profiles in Inuits who followed traditional diet testify to non-atherogenic type of nutrition. Despite to favorable blood lipid profiles in Northern native population, hypercholesterolemia was found in 2% of Nganasans and 10% of Inuits, while hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia was found in 25% Nganasans and in 5% of Inuits. Thus, changes in dietary patterns of native populations of the Far North have a great influence on blood concentrations of PUFAs of omega-3 series. Changes in the dietary fatty acid composition are considered to be one of the possible reasons of dislipoproteinemia.

[Effect of diet on the biochemical parameters of blood in the population of the Asian North]. / Vliianie pitaniia na biokhimicheskie pokazateli krovi u zhitelei Aziatskogo Cevera.

The studies have shown that the diet of the native residents of Taimyr is imbalanced of the major nutrients (high uptake of carbohydrates and low uptake of fats and proteins). A certain correlation has been found between the higher incidence rates of coronary heart disease, blood atherogenic lipoprotein levels and changed diet pattern.

[Mechanisms of adaptation to cold in man and animals]. / Mekhanizmy adaptatsii cheloveka i zhivotnykh k kholodu.

The paper presents the results of studies of metabolic processes in the Arctic and Antarctic winters, members of Polar expeditions, and inhabitants of the Far North. There is a relationship between the metabolism and the length of residence in the area of low temperatures, lifestyle, and occupation. The experiments have shown changes in the phosphorylizing activity of rat hepatic mitochondria in the dynamics of cold adaptation in animals. In addition to the hormonal status and antioxidative system, serum lipoproteins were found to determine the response of the body to cold exposure. The regulatory role of the lipoprotein components apoproteins is discussed in the paper.

[Changes in human thiamine metabolism at a coastal station in the Antarctic]. / Izmeneniia v obmene tiamina u cheloveka v usloviiakh pribrezhnoi stantsii v Antarktide.

In the course of human adaptation to the climatic and geographic factors, there was a stable reduction of thiamine concentration in blood and urine. The activity of red cell transketolase did not change or slightly rose. The changes in TDF effect were insignificant thus pointing to the absence of hypovitaminosis. Intensive vitamin therapy did not lead to an essential increase in thiamine blood concentration which made up 2.0--2.5 micrograms % and as usual remained lower than generally accepted rates. The main amount of thiamine was excreted with urine. TDF effect did not exceed 4--8%. The results obtained indicate high transketolase saturation with thiamine diphosphate with low thiamine concentration in blood. The changes in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism were characterized by the inhibition of glycolytic processes and the increased blood content of transport fat. Thus the changes in thiamine correlate with the diminution of the energy role of carbohydrates in man in the Antarctic.