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1.
Bull Entomol Res ; 109(6): 733-740, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30968787

ABSTRACT

Cultivating plant mixtures is expected to provide a higher productivity and a better control of pests and diseases. The structure of the arthropod community is a major driver of the magnitude of natural pest regulations.With the aim of optimizing pest management, a study was carried out to determine the effect of the cropping system type (tomato mono-cropping vs. mixed-cropping) on the diversity and abundance of arthropods from three trophic groups (herbivores, omnivores, predators) and the abundance of Helicoverpa armigera. Therefore, the diversity of cultivated plants and arthropod communities was assessed within tomato fields from 30 farmer's fields randomly selected in South of Benin. Results showed that the arthropod abundance was significantly higher in mixed-cropping systems compared with mono-cropping systems, although the crop type did not alter significantly the arthropod diversity, evenness, and richness. At the level of taxa, the abundances of generalist predators including ants (Pheidole spp., and Paltothyreus tarsatus) and spiders (Araneus spp. and Erigone sp.) were significantly higher in mixed fields than in mono-crop fields. Then, the abundances of omnivore-predator trophic groups have a negative significant effect on the H. armigera abundance. This study allowed better understanding of how plant diversity associated to tomato fields structures arthropod's food webs to finally enhance the ecological management of H. armigera.


Subject(s)
Arthropods , Crop Production/methods , Moths , Solanum lycopersicum , Animals , Benin , Crops, Agricultural , Insect Control/methods
2.
Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis ; 130(4): 183-7, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23747145

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Maxillary sinusitis is a frequent ear-nose-throat (ENT) infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of maxillary sinusitis in the ENT department of a teaching hospital in Cotonou, Benin, and to report the clinical findings, together with the results of complementary examinations and treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients seen at our hospital from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008 for maxillary sinusitis. RESULTS: Over the 5-year study period, 1752 cases of maxillary sinusitis were treated in the ENT department of the teaching hospital, which works out to 350 or 351 cases per year. The overall prevalence was 19.3%. There were 759 patients (83.1%) aged 16-50 years, and 984 patients (56.2%) were men. Factors favoring maxillary sinusitis were: dry season with dust (n=1051 patients, 60%); and atmospheric pollution (87.6%). Maxillary sinusitis was acute for 528 patients (30.1%) and chronic for 1224 patients (69.9%). A rhinogenic cause was identified for 960 patients (54.8%), an allergic cause for 668 patients (38.1%) and a dental cause for 96 patients (55.5%). In cases of chronic sinusitis, the infection was predominantly staphylococcal (29.3%) and pneumococcal (21.9%). Basically, medical treatment was given by combining local treatments for rhinopharyngeal disinfection or vasoconstriction. In cases with a dental origin, dental care was also delivered. For allergy-related sinusitis, nasal sprays with corticosteroids and antihistamine agents were prescribed. Outcomes were favorable for 89.7% of patients.


Subject(s)
Maxillary Sinusitis/etiology , Maxillary Sinusitis/therapy , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Air Pollution , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Aspergillosis/complications , Benin/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Cysts/complications , Dust , Female , Focal Infection, Dental/complications , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Hypersensitivity/complications , Male , Maxillary Sinusitis/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Nasal Polyps/complications , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Seasons , Young Adult
3.
Eval Program Plann ; 36(1): 15-28, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22634798

ABSTRACT

The main question addressed by this article is how to adapt the responsive evaluation (RE) approach to an intervention context characterized by repetition of ineffective interventions, ambiguous intervention action theories among stakeholders, and high complexity. The context is Grand-Popo, a fishing municipality located on Benin's southwest Atlantic coast. The fishery management interventionists and the fishing communities in the municipality all espoused concern for the sustainable improvement of fishing actors' livelihood conditions, but differed about the reasons for this livelihood impairment, and about what should be done, when, where, and by whom. Given this ambiguity, we identified RE as a promising action research approach to facilitate dialogue and mutual learning, and consequently to improve stakeholders' ability to resolve problems. However, this approach seems to have some shortcomings in the Grand-Popo context, regarding the repetitive ineffectiveness of interventions, high complexity, and uncertainty. Therefore, based on our empirical study, we add three dimensions to the existing RE framework: historical analysis to deal with routine interventions, exploration and discussion of incongruities of action theories to trigger double-loop learning, and system analysis to deal with complexity and uncertainty. This article does not intend to address the implications or impact of this adapted RE framework. Instead, we suggest some criteria and indicators for evaluating whether the proposed amended RE approach has assisted in resolving the fishery problems in Grand-Popo after the approach has been applied.


Subject(s)
Fisheries/methods , Learning , Systems Analysis , Animals , Benin , Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Humans , Organizational Case Studies , Program Evaluation , Social Support , Uncertainty
4.
Risk Anal ; 29(10): 1395-409, 2009 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19659555

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates farmers' beliefs and perceived risks of aflatoxin (AF) on the consumption, production, and marketing of groundnuts. A survey was conducted with 181 farmers in Benin to assess their beliefs of AF effects on the marketing of groundnuts, and finally human and animal health. Awareness and action factors were also evaluated. Relationships of the belief and action factors with socioeconomic variables were evaluated using multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) models within a socioeconomic framework using a health belief model (HBM). The results indicate that the scale of the various constructs is reliable and the validity conforms to expectations. The unifactorial models developed in this study provide a satisfactory fit with NFl, CFI, and GFI exceeding 0.90. The results reveal that gender, age, and years of experience in farming significantly impact farmers' action regarding the reduction of AF in groundnut production and marketing. Male farmers are more likely to be aware of AF problems in groundnuts and feel more susceptible to the problems than their female counterparts. Gender and education seem to be dominating factors in the perception of barriers to mitigating the effects of AF, and male and older farmers are more likely to perceive the benefits of producing and marketing good quality groundnuts.


Subject(s)
Aflatoxins/toxicity , Nuts/chemistry , Socioeconomic Factors , Aflatoxins/analysis , Agriculture , Benin , Female , History, 16th Century , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
5.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264099

ABSTRACT

Du 1er Janvier 1980 au 31 Décembre 2006 soit en 27 ans, 54 cas d'améloblastomes des maxillaires avec confirmation histopathologique ont été recensés en ORL au CNHU de Cotonou. 55,6% des sujets ont été de sexe masculin. Les sujets de 15 à 40 ans ont constitué 81,48% de la série. Le délai moyen d'évolution de la maladie avant la 1ère consultation était de 3,8ans. La tuméfaction des maxillaires a été le motif enregistré chez tous nos patients. La tumeur a été dure 55,6%, ferme 29,6%, rénitente 14,8%, indolore 92,6% avec la peau de couverture saine 90,7%. La localisation a été mandibulaire 88,9% avec comme zones de prédilection la branche horizontale 55,6% et l'angle 9,3%. Le diamètre de la tumeur était de plus de 6 centimètres dans 60%. Le défilé maxillaire 55,6% et l'orthopantomogramme 44,4% ont objectivé des images polygéodiques 60% et monogéodiques 18%. L'histopathologie a révélé les types folliculaires 51,8%, plexiformes 37% et unikystiques 7,4%


Subject(s)
Ameloblastoma , Ameloblastoma/diagnosis , Benin , Histology , Maxilla , Otolaryngology
6.
Mali Med ; 21(2): 31-4, 2006.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19617080

ABSTRACT

From October 1st, 2003 to March 31, 2004 about six months, 45 patients with ENT manifestations of HIV have been followed as well at the ENT service of CNHU of Cotonou and at the departmental hospital of Porto-Novo. 26 among then have HIV serologic positif. From this prospective study, we retain that the patients from 20 to 49 years old represented 84,6%. Male has predominated: 57,7%. The socio-professional strata with low revenue and those with itinerant professions are the greatest target: 87,7%. The transmission mode has been heterosexual in 80%. The HIV1 has been isolated in 88,5%. As a result of clinical observation, 50,3% of patients have recurring infections of superior aero-digestive tract : otitis, sinusitis and oropharyngeal mycosys. The facial paralysis has been noted in 10,8%, chronic cervical adenopathies 10,8% and parotid tumors 8,1%.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/epidemiology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Benin , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
7.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1436125

ABSTRACT

Dans une étude rétrospective entre le 1er janvier 1985 et le 30 juin 2005, vingt six (26) cas de tumeurs vasculaires avec confirmation histopathologique ont été recensées en ORL au CNHU de Cotonou. Les sujets de 0 à 20 ans ont constitué 57,6% de la série. La prédominance a été masculine 57,6%. Les motifs de consultation les plus enregistrés ont été la tuméfaction de la face 53,9% et celle du cou 30,9%. L'histopathologie a révélé 88,5% de tumeurs bénignes et 11,6% de tumeurs malignes. Les principales étiologies retrouvées ont été : l'hémangiome 65,3%, le lymphangiome 19,2% et l'hémangio-endothéliome malin 7,6%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Angiofibroma , Face , Hemangioma , Adenocarcinoma , Lymphangioma , Neck
8.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264257

ABSTRACT

Du 1er Janvier 1978 au 30 Juin 2004 soit en 26 ans 6 mois; 47 cas d'adenome pleomorphe histologi-quement confirmes de la parotide ont ete recus et traites en ORL au CNHU de Cotonou sur un total de 93 tumeurs parotidiennes toutes varietes histopathologiques confondues. 57;4des sujets ont ete de sexe feminin contre 42;6pour le sexe masculin. Les sujets ages de 15 a 50 ans ont represente 93;6de la serie. Le delai moyen avant la 1ere consultation a ete de 5 ans avec pour principal motif la gene esthetique : 91;5. Le volume de la tumeur a ete de 4 a 6 centimetres dans 83. Cette tumeur a ete sans adenopathie dans 97;7et sans paralysie faciale initiale dans 100 des cas


Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic/diagnosis , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/epidemiology , Benin , Parotid Gland
9.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264264

ABSTRACT

Du 1er Janvier 1978 au 30 Juin 2004 soit en 26 ans 6 mois; 47 cas d'adenome pleomorphe histologi-quement confirmes de la parotide ont ete recus et traites en ORL au CNHU de Cotonou sur un total de 93 tumeurs parotidiennes toutes varietes histopathologiques confondues. 57;4des sujets ont ete de sexe feminin contre 42;6pour le sexe masculin. Les sujets ages de 15 a 50 ans ont represente 93;6de la serie. Le delai moyen avant la 1ere consultation a ete de 5 ans avec pour principal motif la gene esthetique : 91;5. Le volume de la tumeur a ete de 4 a 6 centimetres dans 83. Cette tumeur a ete sans adenopathie dans 97;7et sans paralysie faciale initiale dans 100des cas


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma, Pleomorphic , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/epidemiology , Benin , Parotid Gland , Parotid Neoplasms
11.
J Fr Ophtalmol ; 20(5): 387-90, 1997.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9238477

ABSTRACT

Waardenburg-Klein syndrome is an "Oculo-dermato-auditif" dysplasia described in 1947 by Waardenburg and by Klein in 1950. Canthus dystopia and congenital deafness are the main symptoms. Three clinical types have been reported: type I: presents the full symptomatology; type II: without canthus dystopia; type III: presents not only the complete syndrome but also an orthro-osteomyodysplasia of the upper limbs. This clinical case in a small 3.5-year-old boy with congenital deafness, bilateral iris hypochromia and retina albinism without canthus dystopia was classed as type II Waardenburg-Klein syndrome. The patient had a second apparently fortuitous hereditary affection: hemoglobinopathy (Hb AS). But this seems to be fortuitous.


Subject(s)
Waardenburg Syndrome/diagnosis , Benin , Child, Preschool , Deafness/etiology , Humans , Iris/abnormalities , Male , Waardenburg Syndrome/classification , Waardenburg Syndrome/genetics
12.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264071

ABSTRACT

Les cancers des sinus de la face et des maxillaires sont frequents au Benin; soit 108 cas en 17 ans. Tous les ages sont concernes par l'affection. Une legere predominance masculine est notee: 54;6 pour cent des sujets de sexe masculin contre 45;5 pour cent des sujets de sexe feminin. Les carcinomes epidermoides representent 64 pour cent des resultats anatomopathologiques. Les resultats therapeutiques sont decevants a cause de la consultation souvent tardive


Subject(s)
Mandibular Neoplasms , Maxillary Neoplasms , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology
13.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264072

ABSTRACT

Deux atteintes de chemodectomes ont ete l'objet de cette etude. Elles sont respectivement agees de 28 ans et de 19 ans au moment du diagnostic clinique. Il s'agit de tumeurs parapharyngees developpees aux depens du nerf vague et qualifiees de tumeurs-cravate. La transformation maligne classiquement frequente avec le chemodectome du nerf vague s'est confirmee dans l'etude avec l'observation No2. Enfin il s'agit d'une pathologie rare


Subject(s)
Paraganglioma
14.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264073

ABSTRACT

Sur une periode de 14 ans; les auteurs ont collige 43 cas de tumeurs vasculaires au niveau du cou et de la face. De leur etude ressortent les conclusions suivantes: sur le plan diagnostique le tableau clinique est evocateur mais la clef du diagnostic est apportee par l'examen anatomopathologique; la chirurgie d'exerese; parfois precedee d'infiltration locale des produits sclerosants a ete l'unique arme therapeutique compte tenu des ressources therapeutiques limitees; enfin les resultats therapeutiques ont ete bons dans l'ensemble (83;7 pour cent de bons resultats)


Subject(s)
Aneurysm , Hemangioma , Lymphangioma
15.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1264077

ABSTRACT

Pendant une periode de 5 ans; les deux unites qui constituent le Service Polyvalent de Reanimation du CHNU de Cotonou ont admis 4937 patients dont 680 ont presente une insuffisance renale aigue soit une prevalence de 13;57 pour cent. Analysant 322 dossiers les auteurs ont tire plusieurs conclusions. L'insuffisance renale aigue est plus frequente dans le secteur chirurgical que dans le secteur medical. Elle frappe des sujets jeunes avec un sex-ratio de 2 hommes pour une femme. Les principales etiologies sont: abdomen chirurgical aigu (peritonites et occlusion en tete); traumatologie; urologie; obstetrique et dans le secteur medical: l'insuffisance renale aigue; les intoxications medicamenteuses; le paludisme complique et le choc septique. L'hypercreatinemie varie de 139 a 3161 mmoles/litres. L'hyperkaliemie n'est pas exceptionelle (29 cas) comme l'hyponatremie (81 cas) et l'hypocalcemie (26 cas). L'insuffisance renale aigue est le type le plus frequent en milieu chirugical (95 pour cent des cas) alors que la forme organique est dominante dans le secteur medical. Le traitement symptomatique utilise le remplissage vasculaire (199 fois); le Furosemide (206 fois); la Dopamine a dose dopaminergique (77 fois); l'alcalinisation (112 fois) et l'hemodialyse (39 fois). Le traitement etiologique est base sur la chirurgie; la malariatherapie; l'antibiotherapie; la prise en charge des intoxications aigues. La mortalite globale a ete tres elevee (40;06 pour cent) plus forte dans le secteur medical (45;79 pour cent) qu'en milieu chirurgical


Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency , Renal Insufficiency/pathology
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