Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Infection Control/organization & administration , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Trauma Centers/organization & administration , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Adult , Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification , Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , COVID-19 , Child , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Firearms/statistics & numerical data , Geography , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Military , Humans , Infection Control/standards , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Philadelphia/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Practice Guidelines as Topic , SARS-CoV-2 , Spatial Analysis , Trauma Centers/standards , Trauma Centers/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/etiologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop a hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV screening program for patients evaluated by the trauma service and link to care. Patients were offered screening for HCV antibody and HIV. Demographics were collected on gender, race, age, and history of intravenous drug use. A navigator connected patients to treatment. In total, 1160 trauma patients were screened for HCV and/or HIV. There were 162 (14%) patients with HCV antibodies. Patients who inject drugs comprised 39.5% (64) of the HCV antibody positive group. Forty-six (68.7%) patients received linkage to care services and 55 (34%) patients were actively engaged in treatment. There were 155 (10.5%) of all eligible patients screened for HIV. Twenty-one (13.5%) patients were living with HIV (PLWH) and there were two (1.3%) new HIV infections. All new PLWH were linked to care and a total of 14 (73.7%) PLWH were on antiretroviral therapy. This is the first HCV and HIV screening and linkage to care program of trauma surgery patients. In this interim program evaluation, we found high prevalence of HCV antibody and HIV prevalence and high linkage to care rates. Trauma service HCV and HIV screening is an opportunity to diagnose, link, and re-engage a vulnerable population.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Mass Screening/methods , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Trauma Centers/statistics & numerical data , United States/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: From 2002 to 2011, there were more than 17,000 shootings in Philadelphia. "Turning Point," Temple University Hospital's inpatient violence intervention program, takes advantage of the teachable moment that occurs after violent injury. In addition to receiving traditional social work services, Turning Point patients watch their trauma bay resuscitation video and a movie about violence, meet with a gunshot wound survivor and an outpatient case manager, and also undergo psychiatric assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Turning Point in changing attitudes toward guns and violence among victims of penetrating trauma. METHODS: This prospective randomized study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2014. Patients who sustained a gunshot or stab wound were randomized to standard of care, which involved traditional social work services only, or Turning Point. The Attitudes Toward Guns and Violence Questionnaire was administered to assess attitude change. Analysis was performed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. A p < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS: A total of 80 of a potential 829 patients completed the study (40 standard of care, 40 Turning Point). The most common reason for exclusion was anticipated length of stay being less than 48 hours. The two groups were similar with respect to most demographics. Unlike the standard-of-care group, the Turning Point group demonstrated a 50% reduction in aggressive response to shame, a 29% reduction in comfort with aggression, and a 19% reduction in overall proclivity toward violence. CONCLUSIONS: Turning Point is effective in changing attitudes toward guns and violence among victims of penetrating trauma. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine if this program can truly be a turning point in patients' lives. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic/care management study, level II.
