[The proinsulin level in the blood of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus of various duration].

Proinsulin content was measured in the serum of 82 children (aged from 3 to 14 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus of various duration. Three groups of patients characterized by low (54%), normal (42%) and high (4%) levels of this prohormone were recognized. No dependence the proinsulin level on the disease term was found. The serum proinsulin level may be used as a parameter specifying the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

[Distal polyneuropathy in children with diabetes mellitus type 1].

To identify the association between distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), 62 children and adolescents with different duration of T1D have been studied using electromyography (EMG). Subclinical symptoms of DPN occur with equal frequency in 74% of children with short duration of T1D (group 1) and in 72% of children with long duration of disease. In both groups, the highest frequency of disturbances of the neurophysiological parameters was found in the sural sensory nerve and the lowest frequency in the median motor nerve. Correlations between HbAlc levels and compound muscle action potential were revealed only in tibial and peroneal nerves and only in the early stages of T1D. However, this dependence disappears with increasing duration of the disease.

[Intestinal endotoxin in induction of type 1 diabetes].

We studied serum level of intestinal flora endotoxin (LPS) in 45 children and adolescents aged 3-17 years old with diabetes mellitus type 1. Levels of endotoxin, were significantly elevated in type 1 diabetic patients (2.89 +/- 0.33 Eu/ml) compared with control (0.4 +/- 0.03 Eu/ml). There was significant difference in serum LPS levels in patients with type 1 diabetes onset (3.93 +/- 0.79 Eu/ml) compared with children and adolescent with old time diabetes (2.37 +/- 0.27 Eu/ml). These results have a major implication on our understanding of the role of gut flora endotoxin in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

[Changes of motor-evacuatory function of the gastrointestinal tract after surgery in children with acute appendicitis].

A new method of computed phonoenterography (CPEG) evaluates objectively motor-evacuatory function of the gastrointestinal tract. Comparative study of changes in motor-evacuatory function of the intestine was carried out according to CPEG data in 60 children aged from 6 to 15 years after traditional surgery with Volkovich-Dyakonov incision, and after endovideosurgical appendectomy for plegmonous and gangrenous appendicitis. Inflammation of the appendix leads to inhibition of intestinal motor function. Low surgical trauma in endovideosurgical appendectomy promotes faster recovery of intestinal peristalsis according to CPEG.

[Gastrointestinal motility disorders in late stages of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children]. / Motorno-évakuatornye narusheniia zheludocho-kishechnogo trakta pri pozdnei spaechnoi kishechnoi neprokhodimosti u detei.

The results of examination and treatment of 211 patients with late adhesive ileus (LTAI) are discussed. Highly sensitive noninvasive method of phonoenterography was used for LTAI diagnosis and control of the efficacy of non-operative treatment. The gastrointestinal motor-evacuation disorders were studied in a group of patients with chronic recurring LTAI. For revealing hypertension in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract, a special catheter is suggested by means of which the pressure in the gastric and duodenal cavities can be measured simultaneously. The suggested examination methods allowed a differentiated approach to the choice of the therapeutic tactics, objective control over the efficacy of the treatment, and substantiation of the indications for planned operative treatment of patients with a recurrent course of LTAI.