Subject(s)
Ataxia/etiology , Basal Ganglia/pathology , Brain/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration/complications , Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration/pathology , Ataxia/diagnosis , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , HumansSubject(s)
Brain/pathology , Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic/complications , Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic/pathology , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/complications , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , HumansABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The prevertebral tendinitis is an inflammatory process, which affects the cervicothoracic prevertebral muscles. This extremely rare entity was first described by Hartley and Fahlgren in 1964 and until now there are just some case reports dealing with this process. Unfortunately it is quite easy to misdiagnose or mistake the prevertebral tendinitis as an abscess, because of the imaging features. The aim of this case series is to offer guidelines in the diagnosis of this rare disease to prevent unnecessary surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six patients with already by imaging or retrospectively after surgery by pathologic report diagnosed prevertebral tendinitis were included in this study. None of these patients suffered from a chronically inflammatory disease. Three patients just received contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and another group of three patients received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In two out of three MRI examinations, we additionally performed diffusion weighted images and calculated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. The laboratory reports obtained on the day of the computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were reviewed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBCC). RESULTS: All patients revealed a prevertebral cervical effusion. Five out of six patients showed amorphous calcifications in the tendon of the prevertebral muscles. In one case calcifications could not be identified at all because of very strong beam hardening artefacts caused by dental prothesis. The CRP values were increased in all patients (mean value 44.9 mg/l; SD ± 28.3). However, WBCC remained normal (mean value 8.4G/l; SD ± 2.7). Only for the two patients who received DWI it was possible to assess the quality of the prevertebral fluid accumulation and to detect the benign prevertebral effusion, which is typical for the retropharyngeal tendinitis. CONCLUSION: According to the experience with our patients the best imaging feature is MRI with DWI and ADC map to reveal the benign prevertebral effusion and confirm the diagnosis of prevertebral tendinitis. In some cases MRI might not be available. Here we recommend CT scans to detect typical prevertebral calcifications. Especially a slight elevation of CRP and normal WBCC make the prevertebral tendinitis more likely.
Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Tendinopathy/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Kidney Transplantation , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Positron-Emission Tomography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/diagnosis , Biopsy , Brain/pathology , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunosuppression Therapy , Middle Aged , Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/pathologySubject(s)
Calcinosis/diagnosis , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Edema/diagnosis , Foreign-Body Reaction/diagnosis , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neck Muscles/pathology , Tendinopathy/diagnosis , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Contrast Media/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Differential , Gadolinium DTPA , Humans , Male , Tendinopathy/drug therapySubject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Interdisciplinary Communication , Registries , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Comorbidity , Diagnostic Imaging , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Germany , Humans , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/drug therapy , Tamoxifen/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Even in the age of two years toddlers with Expressive Language Impairment (SLI-E) differ regarding their phonetic inventories compared with an age-matched group developing normally. METHOD AND PATIENTS: PCC-R scores of 19 children with expressive language disorder, aged between four and six years, are compared with age and sex matched controls with normal language acquisition. RESULTS: There are significant differences between PCC-R scores, children with expressive language disorder show lower scores than children with normal language acquisition. Age, sex and nonverbal intelligence do not influence performance measured with PCC-R. Analysis regarding early, middle and late consonants shows, that expressive language disordered children show bigger problems in aquiring late than early and middle consonants.
Subject(s)
Articulation Disorders/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Speech Intelligibility , Age Factors , Articulation Disorders/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Intelligence , Language Development Disorders/etiology , Male , Phonetics , Reference Values , Sex Factors , VocabularyABSTRACT
Although all over the world deaf people face the same problems acquiring spoken and written language, detailed empirical studies are missing. The aim of this study was a grammatical analysis o faxes written by deaf adults. 236 faxes were selected from two Australian institutions. Analysis dealt with lexicon, morphology and syntax. Results show that there are three competence group, which differ in a statistically significant way. Group 1 consists of deaf subjects whi have fairly complete knowledge of written German; members of group 2 know the more basic rules and show less syntactic complexity in their texts while members of group 3 use holophrases, lack differentiation of word categories and show problems with serialisation.
