ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & AIMS: To determine if radiological hard- and software offers options beyond the binary female / male classification. METHODS: We surveyed thirteen radiological hardware and six radiological software vendors about the options to enter patient gender. RESULTS: Six of thirteen hardware and five of six software vendors replied to our inquiry. All vendors except one offered a third option in addition to male / female. CONCLUSION: We found that most hard- and software systems provide with a third option for patient gender. These systems allow radiology personnel to accurately document patient gender in the medical record and contribute to an inclusive patient experience in the radiology department. Registering the biological sex in addition to gender may further improve medical care.
Subject(s)
Radiology , Transgender Persons , Female , Gender Identity , Humans , Male , Radiography , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The stage and tumor remnants after radical surgery are the most important prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Because the incidence of ovarian cancer is highest in elderly women, and mostly advanced stages occur, radical surgery is necessary in this population as well as in younger patients. Age and the surgeon's expertise are the factors that influence the quality of surgical treatment of ovarian cancer. Surgical treatment of ovarian cancer should therefore be confined to centers with the required infrastructure and expertise.
Subject(s)
Gynecologic Surgical Procedures , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/surgery , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Aged , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Japan/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/epidemiology , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/etiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/etiology , Prognosis , Risk Factors , United States/epidemiology , Women's HealthABSTRACT
Rad52 encodes a protein which is required for recombinational repair of double-strand breaks. It is also associated with breast cancer predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in the genes Rad51 or Rad52 result in severe defects in genetic recombination and the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. In order to examine if Rad52 mutations might be involved in sporadic ovarian cancer, we analyzed two stop mutations (Ser346ter and Tyr415ter) in 142 Austrian ovarian carcinoma patients and 128 healthy volunteers. In addition, we analyzed these two mutations in 105 breast/ovarian cancer families (160 members) to examine if the mutations in Rad52 are associated with the occurrence of cancer and with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Our results show that these two mutations are rare in all three groups examined. There are no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of the Rad52 mutations between the control group and sporadic ovarian cancer patients and between the control groups and familial breast/ovarian cancer patients, indicating that these two mutations of the Rad52 do not play a major role in the initiation of sporadic ovarian carcinoma and familial breast/ovarian cancer.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Carcinoma/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Mutation , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Austria , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA/metabolism , Family Health , Female , Genes, BRCA1 , Genes, BRCA2 , Germ-Line Mutation , Humans , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Primary systemic therapy (PST) represents the standard of care in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. In addition, there is increasing information on PST in operable breast disease that supports the use of PST in routine practice. However, current regimens and techniques vary. To address this concern, a group of representatives from breast cancer clinical research groups in France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States reviewed all available data on prospective randomized trials in this setting. Recommendations are made regarding terminology, indications, regimen, diagnosis before treatment, monitoring of efficacy, tumor localization, surgery, pathologic evaluation, and postoperative treatment.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , International Cooperation , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Patient Selection , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
The stage and tumor remnants after radical surgery are the most important prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Because the incidence of ovarian cancer is highest in elderly women, and mostly advanced stages occur, radical surgery is necessary in this population as well as in younger patients. Age and the surgeon's expertise are the factors that influence the quality of surgical treatment of ovarian cancer. Surgical treatment of ovarian cancer should therefore be confined to centers with the required infrastructure and expertise.
Subject(s)
Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Aged , Female , Humans , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality , Prognosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
Women with mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are at increased risk for the development not only of breast, but of ovarian cancer. The estimated lifetime risk of contracting ovarian cancer for women bearing the mutation is 16% for Ashkenazi Jews and up to 60% for high-risk populations. If a woman is at high familial risk of getting ovarian cancer, an intense screening with transvaginal ultrasound or determination of CA 125 can be done, although these methods have not proved beneficial so far. It is thought by some that the use of the contraceptive pill can prevent up to 50% of family-associated ovarian cancers, but the few existing studies have yielded contradictory results. That prophylactic oophorectomy can prolong the lives of healthy women with a family history or who bear a germline BRCA mutation is quite sure, but it is not helpful in preventing peritoneal carcinoma. The clinicopathologic behavior of mutation-associated ovarian cancer differs from the growth pattern of sporadic ovarian cancer. The hope is to develop suitable therapies for both types.
