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1.
Pediatr Diabetes ; 21(4): 606-614, 2020 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32078220

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Characterization of partial remission using the insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c) ≤ 9 definition in a multiethnic Brazilian population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), in addition with the determination of both Class II HLA genotype and autoantibodies. METHODS: We analyzed the prevalence of partial remission in 51 new-onset T1D patients with a median time follow-up of 13 months from diagnosis. For this study, anti-GAD65, anti-IA2 and HLA class II genotyping were considered. RESULTS: Partial remission occurred in 41.2% of T1D patients until 3 months after diagnosis, mainly in those aged 5-15 years. We have demonstrated a significant increase in the haplotypes of class II HLA DRB1*0301-DQB1*0201 in children and adolescents with a partial remission phase of the disease (42.9% vs 21.7% in non-remitters, P = .0291). This haplotype was also associated with the reduction of anti-IA2 antibodies production. Homozygote DRB1*03-DQB1*0201/DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 children had the lowest prevalence of IA-2A antibodies (P = .0402). However, this association does not correlate with the time of the remission phase. CONCLUSION: Although the number of patients studied was reduced, our data suggested that the association between genetics and decrease in antibody production to certain islet auto-antigen may contribute, at least in part, to the remission phase of T1D.


Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/biosynthesis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Autoantibodies/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics , HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics , Haplotypes , Humans , Infant , Male , Remission, Spontaneous , Young Adult
2.
CNS Neurosci Ther ; 19(9): 682-7, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23731464

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both Th1 and Th17 cells specific for neuroantigen are described as encephalitogenic in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. AIM: The proposal of this study was to investigate how carbon nanotubes internalized by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) affect the development of encephalitogenic CD4(+) T cells. METHODS: Therefore, we stimulated encephalitogenic T cells in the presence or not of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). After the incubation, we analyzed the expression profile of the encephalitogenic T cells and their capacity to induce EAE. RESULTS: Encephalitogenic CD4(+) T cells cultured with APCs that were previously incubated with MWCNTs do not express IL-17. The adoptive transfer of these cells causes less severe EAE than the transfer of both Th1 and Th17 cells that are not incubated with MWCNTs. These results suggest that the increased IL-27 level produced by the APCs incubated with the carbon nanotubes inhibits the development of Th17 cells. This observation is confirmed by the concomitant reduction in the level of RORγt, which is a transcription factor essential for the development of Th17 cells. Moreover, the incubation of encephalitogenic T cells devoid of Th17 cells with neutralizing anti-IL-27 antibodies restored the production of IL-17. CONCLUSION: This finding confirms the suppressive effect of IL-27 on encephalitogenic Th17 cells. The results presented suggest that the stimulation of APCs with carbon nanoparticles prior to neuroantigen presentation affects the development of the Th17 subset of encephalitogenic CD4(+) T lymphocytes and results in less severe EAE.


Subject(s)
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology , Interleukin-27/physiology , Nanotubes, Carbon , Th17 Cells/immunology , Adoptive Transfer , Animals , Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Cytokines/genetics , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology , Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control , Female , Rats , Rats, Inbred Lew
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 40(2): 83-96, jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-180130

ABSTRACT

O Diabetes Mellitus Insulino-dependente (DMID) é uma doença predominantemente auto-imune, causada pela perda de tolerância dos linfócitos T a constituintes da célula beta pancreática, insulino-secretora. O auto-antígeno primário, do DMID, ainda nao está definido, tendo sido identificados vários candidatos, como: GAD ("glutamic acid decarboxylase"), insulina e outros componentes granulares. Estudos de dois modelos experimentais espontâneos, o camundongo (NOD) ("non obese diabetic") e o rato BB ("Bio breeding"), demonstraram que, a origem do DMID depende de fatores que promoveriam desequilíbrio entre subpopulaçoes T CD4+, executoras e protetoras da auto-reatividade antiilhota. Estas subpopulaçoes foram envolvidas, diretamente, na induçao e inibiçao da transferência do DMID, através de linfócitos, in vivo. Sao células T CD4+ as primariamente responsáveis pelo início da insulite, emobora a participaçao de células T CD8+ seja necessária para o desenvolvimento do DMID clínico. A patogênese da doença implica o sistema imunológico (distúrbios da manutençao da tolerância fisiológica), e a célula beta (maior suscetibilidade a agressoes). Ambos mecanismos sao modulados por vários genes, sobretudo os que codificam proteínas relacionadas com a apresentaçao antigênica (HLA), e fatores ambientais (dieta, infecçoes virais e bacterianas). A história natural do DMID compreende duas fases: 1) pré-diabetes clínico, longo período de desenvolvimento da insulite, detectado pela presença de marcadores imunológicos, como auto-anticorpos circulantes (ICA, antiGAD, IAA), e metabólicos (diminuiçao da primeira fase de insulino-secreçao), e 2) diabetes clínico, caracterizado por predomínio de insulite invasivo-destrutiva e aparecimento de síndrome hiperglicêmica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Rats , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology , Autoantibodies , Autoantigens , Autoimmune Diseases/genetics , Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism , Genetic Markers , Biomarkers , Mice, Inbred NOD , Syndrome
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 40(1): 14-22, mar. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-180154

ABSTRACT

A tolerância imunológica a antígenos próprios do organismo é um estado fisiológico, adquirido ao longo do desenvolvimento, envolvendo vários mecanismos, para preservar os tecidos do indivíduo. Ambos repertórios, de linfócitos T e B, sao tolerizados por mecanismos interconectados, que ocorrem em dois níveis: 1) órgaos linfóides primários (tolerância central), e 2) órgaos linfóides periféricos e sangue circulante (tolerância periférica). A deleçao, por apoptose, de clones Te B imaturos, em timo e medula óssea, respectivamente, constitui o principal mecanismo de tolerância, através da seleçao negativa de células com potencial de auto-reatividade. Este processo é influenciado por diversos fatores: grau de afinidade, pelo ligando, do receptor específico para o antígeno, dos linfócitos T e B; concentraçao e natureza do antígeno reconhecido; interaçao de co-receptores e de moléculas de adesao. A detecçao de clones T e B auto-reativos, no repertório periférico normal, confirma a possibilidade de escape à deleçao clonal. Por um lado, linfócitos maduros podem ser potencialmente auto-agressivos, e ainda tolerizados, em periferia, através de mecanismos descritos principalmente para o compartimento T: deleçao clonal, anergia clonal (ocupaçao do receptor, em ausência de co-estimulaçao) e imunossupressao (por células ou citocínas). Por outro lado, o conceito de auto-reatividade fisiológica é introduzido, para se diferenciar de doença auto-imune (auto-reatividade patológica). As doenças auto-imunes se desenvolvem por falhas na manutençao da tolerância, cujas causas sao múltiplas: terreno genético individual, sobretudo genes que regulam a apresentaçao e reconhecimento antigênicos, e fatores ambientais (dieta, infecçoes virais ou bacterianas).


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmunity/physiology , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Immune Tolerance/physiology , Antigens/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Clonal Anergy , Clonal Deletion , Immunosuppression Therapy
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