[Features of clinic, diagnostics and treatment of typhoid fever in young patients].

Typhoid fever is a dangerous infection. The article analyzes the clinical aspects, diagnostic possibilities and casual treatment of the young men in organized group with typhoid. It's shown that despite early hospitalization (at average of 5.5 days) the main manifestations peculiar to the "classical" infection retained. The majority (61.5%) had disease of moderate severity, mild form were at 37,4% of patients. Complications occurred in 5.0% of the patients: pneumonia (2.8%), myocarditis (2.2%) and pancreatits (2.2%). Pathogen isolated from patients with typhoid fever had reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Antimicrobial therapy showed the advantage of the 3 generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) compared with ciprofloxacin or a combination of the latter with cefotaxime.

[Quality of diagnosis and prophylaxis of HIV-infection in military clinical institutions and related problems in training medical personnel].

The analysis of results of laboratorial diagnostics of HIV-infection in multiprofile treatment institute of the Ministry of Defense of RF, questioning of medical staff on the questions of diagnostics and treatment of HIV-infection discovered several disadvantages in the system of training of the physicians in this sphere. Insufficient level of knowledge of practical aspects of HIV-infection causes baseless quantity of screening laboratorial tests (up to 70%). It leads to grand material inputs of the Ministry of Defense of RF. The authors propose an elaborated guidance manual for teachers, attending physicians and students of academies on studying questions of HIV-infection, based on the principle of "transparent study", on broad engaging of different departments to the process of teaching, on consideration of profiles of cycles of studying, of levels of adoption, types of lessons, volume of study time.

[Swine flu: epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment, and prophylaxis].

Virus of piggy grippe is a virus of type A, which has greatly changed in it's antigenic structure. As a result, has appeared a new variant of germ (syb-type), in relation to which vaccines, used for period 2008-2009, are unsuccessful. Virus represents a real risk for life and health of millions of people. Experts of World Health Organization are sure, that eruption can lead to a global expansion of virus. To the group of high risk refer: children younger then 5 years old, full-growns of 50 years old and older, children and teen-agers (from 6 months to 18 years), treated for a long time by aspirin, gravidas, full-growns with several chronic diseases, persons in nursing homes, hospices, requiring a long-termed hipurgia, compulsory-duty servicemen. Latent period is from 1 to 7 days (2-3 days on the average). Accountancy of clinical data: acute beginning, hyperpyretic fever, predominance of damages of upper respiratory tracts. The article presents a detailed characteristic of therapeutic and prophylactic measures in the Army and NAVY.

[Clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV-infection in servicemen].

HIV-infection in Russia and its Armed Forces is a serious threat to the national health and country's safety. Study of peculiarities of disease spread in the military collectives and HIV-infection manifestation is an actual problem. HIV-infection is diagnosed during the latent stage in all categories of servicemen and characterized by unchanged function of cellular and humoral immunity. In most servicemen with HIV-infection the disease course has a form of co-infection with parenteral hepatitis B and C.

[Epidemiological significance of HIV-infections in military personnel]. / Epidemiologicheskaia znachimost' zabolevaemosti voennosluzhashchikh VICh-infektsiei.

The increase in HIV-infection incidence in the RF Armed Forces requires the study of modern epidemiology of this infection, the improvement of prophylactic and antiepidemic measures to prevent the contamination of units and ships and to eliminate the epidemiologic foci in time. The epidemiological situation connected with HIV-infection in Russia and the Armed Forces has the general patterns. The maximal incidence is registered in servicemen living in HIV unfavorable territories of the country. In 2001 the structure of HIV transmission in the military collectives was the following: sexual--51%, parenteral (drug addiction)--45%, parenteral (use of one shaving set)--1%, parenteral (tattooing)--1%, uncertain--2%. The high military epidemiological significance of HIV-infection requires the improvement of preventive forms and methods taking into account the main causes and factors that determine the epidemiological situation in Army and Navy.

[Cardiopathy in infectious diseases: clinical and pathogenetic aspects of diagnosis]. / Porazhenie serdtsa pri infektsionnykh bolezniakh: kliniko-patogeneticheskie aspekty diagnostiki.

The disease of cardiovascular system is one of the causes of invalidity and unfavorable outcomes. Together with such common diseases as rheumatism, hypertension, atherosclerosis that cause the development of cardiovascular insufficiency there are many other diseases including the infectious one that have rather unfavorable influence on the myocardium and vascular system. The disorders in cardiovascular functions at acute infectious diseases are noted frequently (80%) and closely connected with total pathogenesis of the disease. They influence the clinical course and outcomes of infectious process. Follow-up of the infectious patients and conduction of rational and especially intensive therapy require the wide functional control of cardiovascular state at different stages of the disease. The work shows our great experience in development of the problem of clinical-and-electrocardiographic investigations in infectious patients. The critical analysis of the problem condition today according to the literature data is presented. The material is based on the investigation of about 25 thousand patients treated in the clinic of infectious diseases of the Military Medical Academy for the last 30 years.

[The organization of dispensary observation for persons with a history of infectious diseases in Afghanistan]. / Organizatsiia dispansernogo nabliudeniia za litsami, perenesshimi infektsionnye zabolevaniia v Afganistane.

Outpatient control over the patients who went through infectious diseases in Afghanistan is determined by a structure of the dominant nosological forms of infectious diseases: typhoid, paratyphoid, intestinal amebiasis and other acute intestinal infections, viral hepatitis, malaria. A considerable number of servicemen who went through infectious diseases had led to a re-enforcement of "infections service" inside the organic structure of the 40th Army, as well as to elaboration of a rational system of outpatient control, including regular medical examinations by organic physicians, and infectionists, laboratory, functional and instrumental methods of examination by organic medical units and specialized health care establishments and sanitary-epidemiological units.

[Diagnostic and treatment experience with amebic lesions of the liver]. / Opyt diagnostiki i lecheniia amebnykh porazhenii pecheni.

The article studies the traits of diagnosis and treatment of 134 patients with amebic affections of liver. It is indicated that on the basis of clinical data it is possible to detect the development of amebic hepatitis or amebic abscess of liver. The most effective methods for treatment are: in case of amebic hepatitis--trans-umbilical injection of amebocytes; in case of amebic abscess of liver--percutaneous puncture of abscess under the ultrasonic sensor control, active aspiration of the content, cavity washing with antiamebic solutions and its trans-umbilical injections.

[The clinical picture of the initial period of intestinal amebiasis]. / Klinicheskaia kartina nachal'nogo perioda kishechnogo amebiaza.

Clinical symptoms of the initial stage of the disease (before the onset of pathognomonic signs of amoebiasis--the formation of ulcers in the colon) have been analysed in 287 patients with intestinal amoebiasis (IA). The following variants of the clinical pattern have been identified: slow-progressing IA (59.2% of the patients examined) and fast-progressing IA (40.8% of the patients examined). In 5 patients with body eight deficit and clinical manifestations of vitamin C and B deficiency the disease assumed a fulminant course. The patients' condition was considered severe or very severe already on the first days of the infection. The results of endoscopic studies (rectoromanoscopy, fiber colonoscopy) demonstrate that the formation of amoeba-induced damages in the colon mucosa takes place by the 6th-14th day of the disease onset.