ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Prurigo is seen in various dermatological diseases, but also in systemic and neurological diseases. OBJECTIVES: Which diseases in dermatology, internal medicine and neurology are linked to prurigo nodularis? MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe the various entities that are associated with prurigo and discuss pathogenetic and therapeutic implications. RESULTS: In dermatology prurigo nodularis is most frequently seen in atopic dermatitis, but also in cutaneous lymphomas, mycobacterial skin infections and bullous diseases. Among systemic diseases, prurigo nodularis frequently is associated with pruritus of chronic renal or hepatic diseases. Prurigo nodularis is also seen in hematological and metabolic diseases (such as solid tumors, lymphoma, diabetes mellitus). The pathophysiology of prurigo is only partly understood. Treatment of prurigo nodularis is often challenging and a multimodal approach is advisable. CONCLUSION: Prurigo nodularis is a skin manifestation of chronic pruritus caused by various diseases in dermatology, internal medicine and neurology. An interdisciplinary approach should be taken for diagnosis and therapy.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/complications , Kidney Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/complications , Prurigo/etiology , Pruritus/etiology , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/complications , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Prurigo/diagnosis , Pruritus/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic urticaria (CU) frequently exhibit positive skin test reactions to autologous serum (ASST). Therapies aimed at inducing tolerance to circulating histamine-releasing factors in ASST+ CU patients, e.g. by treatment with autologous whole blood (AWB), have not yet been tested. OBJECTIVE: To test whether ASST+ CU patients can benefit from repeated low-dose intramuscular injections of AWB. METHODS: We characterized CU severity and duration, anti-Fc(epsilon)RI and anti-IgE expression, use of antihistamines, and quality of life in 56 CU patients (ASST+: 35, ASST-: 21) and assessed the therapeutic effects of 8 weekly AWB injections in a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, parallel-group trial. RESULTS: Numbers, size, intensity, and/or duration of CU symptoms, quality of life, as well as expression of anti-Fc(epsilon)RI or anti-IgE were similar in ASST+ and ASST- CU patients. However, CU in ASST+ patients was of longer duration and required markedly more antihistaminic medication. Interestingly, ASST+ patients, but not ASST- patients, showed significantly (1) reduced CU activity, (2) decreased use of antihistamines, and (3) improved quality of life after AWB treatment. Placebo treatment was ineffective in both groups, but differences of AWB and placebo treatment responses did not achieve statistical significance in either group, most likely due to the limited number of patients treated. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that ASST+ CU is clinically different from other CU subforms and that ASST+ CU patients can benefit from AWB therapy.
Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion, Autologous/methods , Urticaria/therapy , Adult , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology , Chronic Disease , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunoblotting , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , Receptors, IgE/immunology , Serum/immunology , Single-Blind Method , Skin Tests , Treatment Outcome , Urticaria/immunology , Urticaria/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic urticaria (CU), one of the most common skin disorders, is characterized by spontaneous recurrent bouts of weals and pruritus and associated with severely impaired quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES: To determine what aspects of life quality are affected and to characterize the factors that impact on QoL in CU patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This interdisciplinary interview/questionnaire-based study included 100 patients admitted to a University Hospital Dermatology Department for the identification of underlying causes of CU; 96 healthy subjects matched for age and sex were used as controls. QoL was assessed using Skindex-29, a validated instrument to measure the effects of skin disease on overall QoL (composite score) and three defined QoL aspects (emotions, symptoms, functioning). RESULTS: CU patients exhibited markedly reduced overall QoL compared with healthy control subjects. CU had distinct effects on the three QoL aspects assessed (functioning = emotions > symptoms). The age or sex of patients, the absence or presence of angio-oedemas, and the duration or cause of CU did not significantly influence QoL impairment. Interestingly, psychiatric comorbidity (depression, anxiety, somatoform disorders) was associated with a more pronounced reduction of QoL compared with CU patients without a psychiatric diagnosis and the severity of psychiatric disease was found to correlate with QoL impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that overall QoL is markedly reduced in CU patients. Social functioning and emotions were found to be the areas of QoL most affected in CU patients. Psychiatric comorbidity significantly increased QoL impairment, whereas QoL in CU patients was not significantly affected by age or sex, the absence or presence of angio-oedema, or the course or cause of CU.
