ABSTRACT
Acute arrhythmia is a condition covering a wide variety of rhythm disturbances. The aim of the article is to give practical recommendations for the approach and the treatment of the patient presenting with an acute arrhythmia. We discuss bradycardia and tachycardia. Tachycardias are divided into the small QRS complex tachycardias and the wide QRS complex tachycardias. Another important distinction with immediate therapeutic consequences is that between the hemodynamic stable and unstable patient. Flowcharts with diagnostic means and therapeutic schemes are added and a table with practical considerations for electrical cardioversion.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Acute Disease , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Bradycardia/physiopathology , Bradycardia/therapy , Decision Trees , Humans , Tachycardia/physiopathology , Tachycardia/therapyABSTRACT
This report describes the diagnostic difficulty encountered in a young female patient presenting with neurologic symptoms, atrial fibrillation and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, eventually leading to cardiac transplantation. The scrutiny used in the evaluation of the particular aspect of the left ventricle, and the integration of the information obtained from echocardiography, angiography and magnetic resonance imaging, led to the diagnosis of a rare and mostly unknown cause of cardiac failure. The correct identification of this entity is mandatory because enhanced risk of thromboembolism and malignant arrhythmia should be anticipated. A review of the literature revealed only 6 patients in whom isolated non-compaction of the left ventricle was treated by heart transplantation.
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Cardiomyopathies/surgery , Heart Transplantation , Intracranial Embolism/surgery , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/surgery , Adult , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/pathology , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Imaging , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Humans , Intracranial Embolism/diagnosis , Intracranial Embolism/pathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Prognosis of solid organ cancer in immunosuppressed hosts is generally dismal. Therefore, every effort to identify patients with asymptomatic carcinomas before transplantation should be encouraged. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients referred for heart transplantation were examined adhering to the scheme proposed at the 24th Bethesda Conference. To increase the sensitivity of this work-up, the following items were added: tumor marker assays (prostate-specific antigen in males, carcino embryogenic antigen), abdominal ultrasound, CT scan of the abdomen and the thorax, mammography/echography of the breasts, PAP smear, colonoscopy if carcino embryogenic antigen abnormal or occult blood in stool, prostate echography if prostate-specific antigen abnormal or prostate hypertrophy. RESULTS: Carcinoma was detected in 10 of the 67 patients; for 8 patients of this cancer group, transplantation was denied. Importantly, 9 of the 10 malignancies were detected by means of the diagnostic items that were added to the standard screening protocol. There were no significant differences between the cancer and the non-cancer group regarding mean age, sex, etiology of heart failure, and smoking history. Stratifying patients in younger (i.e., < or =54 years) and older (i.e., > or =55 years) age groups showed a significantly greater proportion of older patients in the cancer group (8/10=80%) compared to the non-cancer group (25/57=44%), P=0.04. After a mean follow-up of 34 months, 5 of the 36 transplanted patients developed a malignancy (4 skin carcinomas, 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma). There have been no malignancy-related deaths until now. CONCLUSION: The importance of a thorough screening program in the triage of candidates with preexisting malignancies, especially in an older patient population, is illustrated in this report.
Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation , Mass Screening , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma/epidemiology , Carcinoma/etiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/etiology , Netherlands , Postoperative Complications , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/etiologySubject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/diagnosis , Heart Transplantation , Postoperative Complications , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/drug therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Ganciclovir/therapeutic use , Heart Transplantation/immunology , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
This case report describes the devastating consequences of spontaneous coronary dissection in a 36-year-old female patient. Surgical revascularization was attempted, but diffuse myocardial infarction developed. The patient was bridged to heart transplantation but died secondary to multiple organ failure. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of spontaneous dissection of the three main coronary arteries due to severe cystic medial necrosis.
Subject(s)
Connective Tissue Diseases/complications , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Adult , Connective Tissue Diseases/pathology , Coronary Angiography , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Necrosis , Rupture, SpontaneousABSTRACT
Severe heart failure in acute rheumatic myocarditis is rare. It may be rapidly reversible with treatment, so maximal medical treatment and, if necessary, mechanical support should be given before heart transplantation is considered.
Subject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/therapy , Heart-Assist Devices , Myocarditis/therapy , Pericarditis/therapy , Rheumatic Heart Disease/therapy , Acute Disease , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Heart Failure/etiology , Humans , Male , Myocarditis/etiology , Pericarditis/etiologyABSTRACT
This study is an investigation of the long-term effects of VVI pacing on the atrium as derived from the evolution of P wave characteristics of 285 patients. The occurrence of left and right atrial disease is demonstrated as well as the evolution of left atrial hypertrophy in some cases. A comparison is made with DDD pacing and special attention is given to the progression to atrial fibrillation.
