Digitalization in Processes.

Digitalization is having an increasing impact on all industrial sectors, including the chemical and biotechnological industries. Aiming for innovative research and development, the Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences play a pivotal role in transferring academic knowledge and know-how to industrial practice. We review selected examples of projects related to the digitalization of processes and bioprocesses at four different institutions across Switzerland. These developments cover the whole spectrum of digital technologies, including big data, connectivity, analytics and automation. They are conducted in close collaboration with industrial partners and aim to support the growth of this important industrial sector.

Analytical Platforms at Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences.

Numerous projects and industrial and academic collaborations benefit from state-of-the-art facilities and expertise in analytical chemistry available at the Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences. This review summarizes areas of expertise in analytical sciences at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), and the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW). We briefly discuss selected projects in different fields of analytical sciences.

Continuous Monitoring of Shelf Lives of Materials by Application of Data Loggers with Implemented Kinetic Parameters.

The evaluation of the shelf life of, for example, food, pharmaceutical materials, polymers, and energetic materials at room or daily climate fluctuation temperatures requires kinetic analysis in temperature ranges which are as similar as possible to those at which the products will be stored or transported in. A comparison of the results of the evaluation of the shelf life of a propellant and a vaccine calculated by advanced kinetics and simplified 0th and 1st order kinetic models is presented. The obtained simulations show that the application of simplified kinetics or the commonly used mean kinetic temperature approach may result in an imprecise estimation of the shelf life. The implementation of the kinetic parameters obtained from advanced kinetic analyses into programmable data loggers allows the continuous online evaluation and display on a smartphone of the current extent of the deterioration of materials. The proposed approach is universal and can be used for any goods, any methods of shelf life determination, and any type of data loggers. Presented in this study, the continuous evaluation of the shelf life of perishable goods based on the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm helps in the optimal storage/shipment and results in a significant decrease of waste.

Environmental Sciences at Universities of Applied Sciences.

Three institutes of the Universities of Applied Sciences that are active in Chemistry and Life Sciences present a selection of their activities in the field of environmental sciences. These projects include analytical monitoring, removal of micropollutants, waste reduction and valorization.

Low-cost Portable Raman Instrument, a Tool toward Counterfeit Medication Identification.

We have successfully built a low-cost (under 500 CHF) portable Raman spectrometer based on scavenged, consumer electronics. The instrument prototype is designed as a tool to help identify counterfeit medication in low-income countries. As a proof of concept, we confirmed the presence of acetaminophen, a type of analgesic, in over-the-counter drugs from around the world.

Continuous Processes and Flow Chemistry at the Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland.

This article provides an overview of activities in the fields of continuous processes, flow chemistry and microreactors at the Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland.

On-line Monitoring and Control of Fed-batch Fermentations in Winemaking.

The fermentation of yeast in fed-batch mode shows great potential in winemaking because it allows the concentration of sugars to be kept low and constant throughout the process which, in turn, reduces cell stress and leads to a significant decrease in the production of unwanted secondary metabolites. The implementation of this technique requires reliable on-line analysis of sugar and a robust control strategy to maintain sugar concentrations at defined levels over the course of the fermentation. In this study, a laboratory-scale setup was used to implement and assess a fully automated fed-batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in grape must. Total sugar levels were monitored in-line by FT-MIR ATR spectroscopy and kept constant at 50 g/kg by a modified PI controller regulating the must feed flow rate. Good setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection were achieved in fermentations of up to four days despite occasional yeast sedimentation on the ATR crystal. The controller parameter adaptation strategy needs to be optimized for longer fermentations.

PAT at the Universities of Applied Sciences.

An overview of activities in the field of Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) at the Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland is presented.

Effect of Experimental Parameters on Water Splitting Using a Hematite Photoanode.

Many studies designate hematite as a promising material for direct water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen. For a real outdoor application, it is important to consider hourly and seasonal conditions like temperature and sunlight intensity. The performance of an undoped hematite thin-film photoanode was tested in a photoelectrochemical cell under varying conditions of temperature and light intensity. Both parameters show a positive effect on performance under outdoor conditions.

PAT at the Universities of Applied Sciences.

An overview of activities in the field of Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) at the Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland is presented.

CO2 capture by ionic liquids - an answer to anthropogenic CO2 emissions?

Ionic liquids (ILs) are efficient solvents for the selective removal of CO2 from flue gas. Conventional, offthe-shelf ILs are limited in use to physisorption, which restricts their absorption capacity. After adding a chemical functionality like amines or alcohols, absorption of CO2 occurs mainly by chemisorption. This greatly enhances CO2 absorption and makes ILs suitable for potential industrial applications. By carefully choosing the anion and the cation of the IL, equimolar absorption of CO2 is possible. This paper reviews the current state of the art of CO2 capture by ILs and presents the current research in this field performed at the ChemTech Institute of the Ecole d'Ingénieurs et d'Architectes de Fribourg.

Non-destructive localization and identification of active pharmaceutical compounds by Raman chemical imaging.

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and non-destructive technique for chemical and structural identification. Based on inelastic scattering of laser light by molecular vibrations, the analysis can be localized on a microscopic area when combined with a microscope. Thus, by moving the sample under the microscope objective and recording a Raman spectrum at each point, a map of the intensity of specific Raman bands can be generated, effectively creating a chemical image of the sample at the microscale. Here, we present an application of this technique for identifying and localizing active pharmaceutical ingredients in a polymer matrix.