[Cancer of maxillary mucosa (symptoms and diagnosis)].

The experience in diagnosis of maxillary mucosa cancer in 222 patients is reviewed. Male and female mortalities were the same. Mean age of the men was 59.9+/-13.1 years, of the women 69.4+/-15.2 years. 211 patients were admitted to hospital for the first time and 11 with relapses after conducted treatment. The disease history in 121 patients varied from 1 week to 3 months from the disease onset, in 90 (45.6%) patients--from 3 months to 1 year. Patients with stage 3 (n=141) and stage 01 (n=51) made up 90.9% of all the cases. Stage 2 was diagnosed in 16 patients and stage 1--in 3 patients. Diagnostic potential of the conventional X-ray study, computed and magnetic resonance tomography in diagnosis of maxillary cancer is shown.

[Radiotherapy of lymphosarcoma of the major salivary glands]. / Luchevaia terapiia limfosarkom bol'shikh sliunnykh zhelez.

Twenty patients with cytologically verified diagnosis of lymphosarcoma of the major salivary glands (15 with lymphosarcoma of the parotid gland and 5 with lymphosarcoma of the submandibular gland) were treated by radiotherapy. Twelve patients presented with stage I E, 7 with stage II E, and 1 with stage IV EO. Metastases in the cervical lymph nodes were diagnosed in 7 patients. Total focal doses for the primary tumor and metastases were 30-40 Gy during 3-4 weeks. The observation of 2-4 years showed that radiotherapy led to cure of 12 (60+/-15.4%) patients. No trends to relapses and generalization of the process were observed. No preventive exposure of the lymph discharge zones was carried out.

[Removal of teeth in patients with malignant maxillofacial tumors during different periods of radiotherapy]. / Udalenie zubov v razlichnye periody luchevoi terapii u bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi opukholiami cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Surgical treatment (tooth removal) of 63 patients with malignant maxillofacial tumors was carried out before, during and 6 months after radiotherapy. A total of 113 teeth were removed because of chronic foci of infection in the periapical tissues. The results of dynamic observations indicate that the risk of complications in this patients population is not high if the rules of tooth removal are strictly adhered to.

[The clinical picture, diagnosis and radiation treatment principles in cancer of the buccal mucosa]. / Klinika, diagnostika i printsipy luchevogo lecheniia raka slizistoi obolochki shcheki.

Diagnosis and treatment of 228 patients with cancer of the buccal mucosa is analyzed. There were 130 women and 98 men aged 65 years on average. 218 were primary patients and 10 with relapses. Squamous-cell carcinomas with hornification predominated: 217 cases (95%). Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 8 (3.5%) and poorly differentiated cancer in 3 patients. Metastases to the regional lymph nodes were detected in 25% cases. For cosmetic reasons, radiotherapy (oral x-ray therapy, interstitial method, long-distance gamma beam therapy) was the method of choice.

[Cancer metastases to the cervical lymph nodes in an unknown primary location of the tumor]. / Metastazy raka v sheinye limfaticheskie uzly pri nevyiavlennoi pervichnoi lokalizatsii opukholi.

Out of 120 patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of metastases to the cervical lymph nodes and unknown primary location of the tumor, tumors were detected in 29 and lymphosarcoma in 10. In 24 (82.7%) patients the tumor was located in the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Malignant tumors of the naso- and stomatopharynx and vestibular part of the larynx most often metastasize into the lymph nodes. Radiotherapy was administered to all 81 patients with metastases and unknown location of the primary tumor and to 10 patients with lymphosarcoma of the cervical lymph nodes. The protocol of radiotherapy took account of the site of the metastases and probable primary tumor. A radical course provides cure in 15% of cases, as shown by follow-up of at least 2 years.

[Outcomes of radiation therapy for malignant nasal mucosal tumors]. / Rezul'taty luchevoi terapii zlokachestvennykh opukholei slizistoi obolochki polosti nosa.

Of 40 patients with malignant nasal mucosal tumors, the number of males and females was the same. Seventy per cent were aged over 60 years. End-stage tumor growth was noted in 80%. Varying differentiation carcinomas were prevalent in 28 of the 40 patients. By and large, radical radiation therapy leads to 3-year recovery in 46% of cases. Taking into account high levels of regional metastases, patients with end-stage tumors (35.7%) were given elective radiation of the areas of regional lymph discharge on ipsilateral side of damage.

[The radiation therapy of skin cancer of the face]. / Luchevaia terapiia raka kozhi litsa.

Results of three-year radiotherapy are assessed in 586 patients with skin cancer, with tumors localized on the skin of the face in 484 of these. The results of treatment were found to depend on the histological structure of the tumor and disease stage: 100% cure was attained in patients with basal-cell carcinomas and T1 stage, whereas only 7% of patients with T4 stage were cured; in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma these figures were, respectively, 96.2 and 10%.

[A clinical x-ray evaluation of the efficacy of hydroxyapatite with collagen in treating periodontitis and radicular cysts]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti gidroksiapatita s kollagenom pri lechenii parodontita i radikuliarnykh kist.

One-year follow-up of 20 patients with radicular cysts and 16 ones with medium-severity chronic periodontitis demonstrated the efficacy of hydroxylapatite with collagen. Active formation of osseous tissue at the site of cysts, in the periodontal osseous pockets, and at the apexes of interdental septa was observed 6 to 7 months after the treatment.

[The x-ray picture of cysts and cyst-like neoplasms of the mandible]. / Rentgenologicheskaia kartina kist i nekotorykh kistopodobnykh novoobrazovanii nizhnei cheliusti.

A total of 444 patients with histologically verified cysts (radicular, residual, traumatic, keratocysts, follicular) and some cystic formations (ameloblastomas, osteoclastomas, myxomas) were examined by clinical and x-ray methods. X-ray signs of some cystic diseases of the mandible are analyzed, x-ray symptoms which help differentiate between individual nosologic entities are singled out.

[The x-ray picture of chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the mandible in adults in the past and today]. / Rentgenologicheskaia kartina odontogennogo khronicheskogo osteomielita nizhnei cheliusti u vzroslykh v proshlom i v nastoiashchee vremia.

Analysis of mandibular roentgenograms of 286 patients with odontogenic osteomyelitis has lead the authors to a conclusion on the predominance of diffuse forms of the condition with marked sequestration in the 30's and 40's. Currently hyperplastic osteomyelitis occurs in 12% of cases.

[The immediate results of radiation therapy with polyradiomodification of the late stages in cancer of the oral mucosa]. / Neposredstvennye rezul'taty luchevoi terapii s poliradiomodifikatsiei pozdnikh stadii raka slizistoi obolochki rta.

Radiotherapy and polyradiomodification (metronidazole in a dose of 2.5 g/m2 and 30 min hyperthermia) result in regression of the carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and the pharynx in 72% of patients with Stages III-IV condition. No side effects of metronidazole are associated with this dose of the drug. The suggested polyradiomodification somewhat increases the normal mucosal radiosensitivity and permits a course of long-distance gamma-beam therapy in the dynamic fractionation mode.

[Magnetic resonance tomography of malignant tumors of the maxilla]. / Magnitno-rezonansnaia tomografii zlokachestvennykh opukholei verkhnei cheliusti.

The authors discussed their experience in investigating 20 patients with maxillary malignant tumors using routine x-ray studies and MR-tomography, and 13 patients, investigated in the same way plus CT. MRT permitted defining a topical localization of a tumor and its spreading to adjacent anatomical regions (the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae, pharynx and peripharyngeal space, orbit, buccal soft tissues, and the cranial cavity). MRT was used to differentiate between tumor tissue and inflammation even within the sinus. As to the detection of osseous destruction, CT seemed much more superior than MRT. It was only in one patient that x-ray findings brought about better results than MRT because of artefacts resulting from metal crowns on the affected side.

[Metastasis to the vascular tunic of the eye]. / Metastazirovanie v sosudistuiu obolochku glaza.

The author has summed up his experience in the diagnosis and radiation therapy of 6 patients with breast cancer (5) and lung cancer metastases to the vascular coat of the eye. The initial and leading symptoms are increasing impairment of vision. In 3 patients metastases to the eye developed against a background of tumor generalization. gamma-beam therapy at a total focal dose of 30 Gy within 10 days of irradiation improved vision in 4 patients.