[NMR study of human biological fluids for detection of pathologies].

The paper deals with the NMR spectra obtained using preparations of five different human biological body fluids. Characteristic metabolite signals of blood, urine, tears, saliva, and sweat spectra have been determined and classified. The biological body fluid samples were used for search and identification of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Absolute functional biomarkers for diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD) have not been recognized even in the case acute myocardial infarction. A hypothesis explaining reasons of lack of such markers has been formulated. The results of comparative analysis of blood and urine samples from humans and some laboratory animals are given. Identify and analyze signals of metabolites of pathogenic microflora and their dynamics in the urine from patients with urogenital diseases have been determined and analyzed and characteristic biomarkers have been recognized.

[NMR studies of water-gas interactions].

The analysis of reported data concerning the solubility of different gases in water depending on a temperature was carried out. These dependences could be described by mono- or biexponential function. Solubilities of nitrogen and oxygen are additive and depend on their percentage in the atmosphere above the fluid. The temperature dependence of oxygen and nitrogen dissolved in water corresponds to that in the atmospheric air. The measurements of water spin-lattice relaxation times changing upon the concentration of dissolved paramagnetic oxygen showed that the oxygen could be significantly but not completely eliminated by saturation with any gases. The best method is the contact with a water immiscible liquid with higher gas capacity than water. However, it results in unstable state of a gas-water system converging to equilibrium.

[Sorption of plasma components on the surface of particles of fluorocarbon emulsions stabilized by proxanol 268]. / Sorbtsiia komponentov plazmy krovi na poverkhnosti chastits ftoruglerodnykh émul'sii, stabilizirovannykh proksanolom 268.

It was found in the experiments in vivo and in vitro that the contact of perfluorocarbon emulsion stabilized with proxanol 268 with blood plasma leads to the sorption of various plasma proteins on the surface of emulsion particles. The profile of the proteins sorbed is complex and includes proteins with molecular weights ranging from 14 to 94 kDa. Among proteins sorbed on the emulsion particles circulating in blood, IgG was identified. Incubation of the emulsion stabilized with proxanol 268 with human blood plasma in vitro was shown to result in the sorption of IgG and IgA the perfluorocarbon particles. The sorbtion of serum proteins and immune complexes circulating in blood on the surface of perfluorocarbon particles stabilized with proxanol 268 was revealed to activate the complement system.

[Mechanisms of distribution and elimination of perfluorocarbons upon multiple exposures]. / Mekhanizmy raspredeleniia i vyvedeniia perftoruglerodov pri mnogokratnykh vvedeniiakh.

In clinical practice much more often one meets a necessity of repeated administration of fluorocarbon blood substitutes. The 19F(-)-NMR-spectroscopy has been used to study the kinetics of the blood and tissue fluorocarbon concentration after repeated administration of PFC emulsion. Analysis of the data suggests that redistribution of PFCs between organs and blood after their repeated administration is under control of Ostwald ripening depending on PFC physicochemical properties (water and lipid solubility), emulsion particle diameter etc and does not connect with activity of reticuloendothelial system.

[Organization of mobile structures in the blood stream--basis for the function of perfluorocarbon "artificial blood"]. / Organizatsiia podvizhnykh struktur v krovotoke--osnova funktsionirovaniiia perftoruglerodnoi "iskusstvennoi krovi".

Research into the synthetic blood substitute of the Perftoran emulsion was shown that particle dynamical chains were formed by the turbulization of a particle motility in a blood flow. This chain display an activity of the oxygen carrier channel into the tissue of vessels from the erythrocyte which remained after a bloodletting. Moreover the review presented other results of safety and efficacy of perfluorocarbon blood substitutes and theirs prognosis of future progress.

[Effects of different doses of perfluorocarbon emulsion on hemodynamics and contractility of ischemic heart]. / Vliianie razlichnykh doz émul'sii perftoruglerodov na gemodinamiku i sokratimost' ishemicheskogo serdtsa.

The effect of different doses of perfluorocarbon emulsion (5, 10, and 15 ml/kg) on the hemodynamics and contractility of heart was studied on anesthetized dogs. The emulsion was introduced intravenously by the 60th minute of acute myocardium ischemia caused by partial coronary occlusion. When pO2 = 120 mm Hg, the emulsion was efficient only at doses of 10 and 15 ml/kg (an increase in cardiac ejection, in the rate of contraction and relaxation of the myocardium, reduction of vascular resistance). However, the efficiency of the emulsion at a dose of 15 ml/kg was lower, possibly, due to hypervolemia and cardiodepressive effect of introduction of excess quantity of the surface-active substance proxanol, a component of the emulsion.

[The effect of the surface-active substance proxanol on the ischemic myocardium]. / Vliianie poverkhnostno-aktivnogo veshchestva na ishemizirovannyi miokarda.

The anti-ischemic effect of a 4% proxanol solution (intravenous injection in a dose of 10 ml/kg 60 min after occlusion) was compared with that of a salt solution in experimental acute ischemia of dog myocardium, induced by partial occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Overall estimation of the effect of SAS infusion has demonstrated that this drug has a beneficial effect on hemorheology (decreases blood viscosity and vascular resistance, increases coronary blood flow), stabilizes oxygen supply of the myocardium and lowers the extent of its ischemia-induced damage (eliminates ST segment depression). However, the cardiodepressive action of proxanol does not allow for compensation of the ischemia-induced decrease in myocardial contractility and pump function of the heart.

[The evaluation of the possibility of using a perfluorocarbon emulsion for the normothermic perfusion of the isolated heart]. / Otsenka vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia émul'sii perftoruglerodov dlia normotermicheskoi perfuzii izolirovannogo serdtsa.

Complex study of isolated heart preparations according to some electromechanical, biochemical, gas transport, and morphofunctional criteria showed that a perfusion medium based on an emulsion of perfluorocarbons ensures an essentially better survival of a heart perfused in a recirculation regimen than with the traditionally used Krebs-Henseleite solution. The analysis shows that the use of perfluorocarbon emulsions as a perfusion medium for prolonged storage of isolated organs is promising.

[The anti-ischemic action of a perfluorocarbon emulsion (PFCE) on the canine myocardium]. / Protivoishemicheskoe deistvie perftoruglerodnoi émul'sii (PFUE) na miokarda sobak.

On the 60th minute after inducing the acute ischemia in the canine myocardium by the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the animals were intravenously infused with perfluorochemical emulsion (PFCE), its salt composition (SC) or 4% surface-active substance (SAS), proxanol, at a dose of 10 ml/kg. Two hours after infusion, the occlusion was removed (reperfusion). The arterial pO2 was maintained at 120 mm Hg. Analysis of the blood flow, oxygen supply, acid-alkali balance, ECG, as well as creatine phosphokinase activity, measured in the ischemic area, has shown that PFC emulsion is capable of reducing ischemic damage and preventing reperfusion-induced myocardium injury. Thus, the presence of perfluorochemicals in the PFC emulsion is an essential factor in its ischemia-protective effect.

[Preliminary administration of perfluorocarbon emulsion: a new method of myocardial protection against ischemia]. / Predvaritel'noe vvedenie émul'sii perftoruglerodov--novyi metod protivoishemicheskoi zashchity miokarda.

The study was conducted to determine if myocardium can be protected against ischemic and reperfusion damage by means of the preliminarily injected perfluorocarbon emulsion. Injection of the emulsion into rabbit 1, 12, 24 h prior to ischemia was found to decrease the extent of ischemic and reperfusion damage to myocardium. The cardiotropic effect of the injected emulsion is shown to be dose- and time dependent.

[Possibilities of the use of perfluorocarbon emulsions in prolonged storage of a donor heart]. / Vozmozhnosti primeneniia perftoruglerodynkh émul'sii dlia dlitel'nogo sokhraneniia donorskogo serdtsa.

The authors studied the possibility of prolonged (24-hour) storage of the myocardium by means of the Soviet-produced emulsion based on perfluoro-methyl-cyclohexylpiperidine (PFMCP). It was established that the functional condition of the myocardium is maintained on a good level by hypothermal perfusion in which the perfusion medium is a gas-transporting perfluorocarbon emulsion with hydroxyethyl starch. The successful use of the PFMCP emulsion in prolonged heart storage is linked not only with the gas-transporting and rheological properties but also with the membrane stabilizing effect of the emulsion and its components.