Experimental study on the efficacy of the drug Brizantin in the model of nicotine dependence.

We estimated the efficacy of Brizantin preparation in suppressing nicotine dependence in rats. It was shown that nicotine-dependent rats in the situation of choice between the chamber with smoke or the chamber with food more frequently entered the chamber with tobacco smoke and stayed there longer. The rats that received Brizantin demonstrated significantly fewer visits to the chamber with smoke and spent there less time. Reduced locomotor activity and orientation and exploratory behavior in rats against the background of Brizantin administration also suggest reduced motivation for smoke inhalation. Thus, Brizantin effectively diminished nicotine dependence in rats in the model of nicotine addiction.

Experimental study of the effects of Dietressa, a new weight-reducing drug.

The capacity of a new drug containing ultra-low doses of antibodies to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (Dietressa) to reduce body weight gain in mice on a high-calorie diet was evaluated, possible mechanisms of drug action were analyzed, and its safety (abuse potential in the reaction of self-stimulation) was evaluated. Dietressa was not inferior to sibutramine in reducing body weight gain in mice and exhibited no abuse potential.

Potentiated antibodies to mu-opiate receptors: effect on integrative activity of the brain.

The effect of homeopathically potentiated antibodies to mu-receptors (10(-100) wt %) on integrative activity of rat brain was studied using the models of self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and convulsions produced by electric current. Electric current was delivered through electrodes implanted into the ventromedial hypothalamus. Single treatment with potentiated antibodies to mu-receptors increased the rate of self-stimulation and decreased the threshold of convulsive seizures. Administration of these antibodies for 7 days led to further activation of the positive reinforcement system and decrease in seizure thresholds. Distilled water did not change the rate of self-stimulation and seizure threshold.

Effect of potentiated antibodies to morphine on behavioral reactions in rats with morphine dependence.

We studied the effect of potentiated antibodies to morphine (10(-100) wt %) on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and behavioral reactions reflecting the severity of withdrawal syndrome in rats with morphine dependence. Repeated treatment with potentiated antibodies to morphine increased the rate of self-stimulation, suppressed active avoidance response, promoted freezing behavior after acoustic stimulation, and decreased tail-flick latency in rats after morphine withdrawal. Distilled water did not produce these changes.

Morphine and its potentiated form: effects on pain sensitivity in rats.

We studied the effects of morphine and its potentiated form on nociceptive thresholds in rats with the morphine withdrawal syndrome. Repeated combination (bipathic) treatment with morphine and its potentiated form increased nociceptive threshold and, therefore, activated the nociceptive system in the brain.

Neurotropic and neurospecific substances and their antibodies: effects on conditioned activity of rats.

We compared the effects of neurotropic and neurospecific substances and their antibodies on conditioned activity of rats. Single treatment produced the positive effect on the latency and number of conditioned responses. Repeated treatment with test compounds in the same dose improved conditioned activity of animals.

Neurotropic compounds and their antibodies: effect on the brain system of positive emotional reinforcement.

We studied the effects of ethanol, morphine, S100 protein, and antibodies to morphine, S100 protein, and opiate -receptors in ultralow doses on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. The reaction underwent similar changes after single administration of test preparations. Tenfold treatment produced the stimulatory and stabilizing effect, which was related to ambivalent properties of preparations in ultralow doses. Tenfold administration of water did not produce changes in control animals.

Psychoactive compounds and their antibodies: effect on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in morphinized rats.

We studied the effect of morphine hydrochloride, brain-specific S100 protein, and antibodies to morphine, S100 protein, and opiate mu-receptors in ultralow doses on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in morphinized rats. This reaction in morphine-withdrawn rats underwent specific changes after single administration of test preparations. Repeated treatment with preparations in the same dose equalized emotional homeostasis. This effect was especially pronounced after treatment with antibodies to morphine, S100 protein, and opiate mu-receptors. Our findings should be taken into account in developing methods for non-narcotic substitutive therapy of patients with morphine dependence.

[The peripheral blood lymphocytes in pregnancy (their morphological characteristics)]. / Limfotsity perifericheskoi krovi pri beremennosti (morfologicheskie osobennosti).

Lymphocyte morphology and function were studied in women in various terms of pregnancy. Four groups of lymphocytes were distinguished by morphologic features and the regularities of these lymphocyte groups ratio traced in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The nucleolar system of lymphocytes was characterized. The data confirm the hypothesis on the development of natural tolerance in pregnancy.

[The role of the caudate nucleus in the neurophysiological mechanisms of the development of experimental alcoholism and concomitant extrapyramidal disorders]. / Rol' khvostatogo iadra v neirofiziologicheskikh mekhanizmakh razvitiia éksperimental'nogo alkogolizma i soputstvuiushchikh ékstrapiramidnykh rasstroistv.

Contribution of relationships between caudate nucleus and hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdaloid, septum (with limbic brain emotiogenic mechanisms substrate), and neocorticoreticular mechanisms to the formation of experimental alcoholism was studied in rats. These relationships varied depending on alcoholization periods. Caudate nucleus was found to participate in mechanisms of regulation of dreamy states and sleep, as well as of quieting at early stages of alcoholization, this may be one of neurophysiologic mechanisms of development of craving to alcohol. The authors believe that transfer of the studied structures' functioning to a pathologic level at the stage of alcoholism formation may be regarded as a coarse destruction of restraining (caudate) mechanisms of reticulolimbic brain structures involving convulsive, emotional, and hyperkinetic disturbances and impairment of sleep-awakening processes.

[The effect of self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus on the sleep-waking cycle in rats during alcoholization]. / Vliianie samostimuliatsii lateral'nogo gipotalamusa na tsikl son--bodrstvovanie u krys pri alkogolizatsii.

Directed activation of a system of positive emotional reinforcement induces regulatory effect on limbic-neocortical mechanisms of the sleep-waking cycle organization in rats after chronic alcoholization carried out in periods of decreased and increased circadian rhythms of emotional activity. In animals with high level of positive emotional drive after the alcoholization self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus suppresses hypersynchronous paroxysmal activity in waking EEG, decreases the content of waking in the sleep-waking cycle, restores the paradoxical phase of sleep. In animals with inhibition of positive emotional drive in consequence of alcoholization self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus has no essential effect on the mechanisms of regulation of the sleep-waking cycle.

[The effect of interleukin-2 on experimental emotional hypertension]. / Vliianie interleikina-2 na émotsional'nuiu gipertenziiu v éksperimente.

The effect of human recombinant interleukin-2, one of the potent mediators of the immune system, on the course of emotional hypertension in non-linear white rats has been investigated. A significant and prolonged hypotensive action of a single injection of interleukin-2 in hypertensive rats has been revealed. The data obtained can be a new evidence of participation of immune system in the development of hypertension in experimental animals.

[The physicochemical and biological properties of the bovine hemoglobin polymer]. / Izuchenie fiziko-khimicheskikh i riada biologicheskikh svoistv polimera gemoglobina byka.

A study was made of bovine hemoglobin polymer obtained by a new method: intraerythrocytic polymerization of hemoglobin followed by isolation of hemoglobin polymer. The polymer obtained had weighted mean and numerical average molecular mass of 388 kD and 134 kD, respectively, P 32 mm Hg, arteriovenous difference 5.1 vol%, Hill's coefficient 2.14, oxygen output rate constant 55 sec, and it retained its activity during long-term storage. Its solution in a concentration of 9-10 g/dl has a viscosity of 2.34, and an oncotic pressure of 240 mm water. Bovine hemoglobin polymer is nontoxic and capable of long-term circulation in the blood. Its safety and clinical effectiveness should be studied in an extended biological experiment.

[Experimental analysis of the neurobiological basis of genetically determined alcohol addiction in the progeny]. / Eksperimental'nyi analiz neirobiologicheskikh osnov vlecheniia k alkogoliu u potomstva, otiagoshchennogo alkogolizmom.

Experiments on 45 nonlinear albino male rats were made to investigate bioelectrogenesis of the limbic-neocortical parts of the brain, function of the systems of positive and negative reinforcement and emotional behavior of the progeny of long alcoholized animals with successive growth of the extent of alcoholism aggravation. Their different initial characteristics were discovered in intact rats as regards parents' alcoholism and in alcoholism aggravated rats, determining different mechanisms and rates of the development of pathological ethanol addiction. The pathogenic influence of "familial" alcoholism lies in the formation in the progeny of the first and fourth generations of the model of alcohol addiction anticipation, whose pathological integration is realized on the basis of the beforehand prepared model which becomes quantitatively different as a result of genetic anomalies.

[The role of biological and social psychological factors in the genesis of hysterical neurosis]. / Rol' biologicheskikh i sotsial'no-psikhologicheskikh faktorov v proiskhozhdenii istericheskogo nevroza.

Based on comprehensive examinations of 200 patients with hysterical neurosis, made in terms of a total systems biological approach it has been shown that closely interwoven biological and sociopsychological factors intercondition, supplement and determine both formation of the so-called "ground" and the clinical manifestations of neurosis. Hysterical neurosis is viewed as an original clinical model of the formation of the defence behavior system where a special system-forming role is played by the brain mechanisms of positive reinforcement, i. e. as resting on the mechanism of a pathological attraction to positive emotions, attained in a mediated manner via the system of negative emotions and their transformation.

[Neurophysiologic and pathomorphologic characteristics of the development of alcoholism (experimental study)]. / Neirofiziologicheskie i patomorfologicheskie osobennosti formirovaniia alkogolizma (exkperimental'noe issledovanie).

The neurophysiological and pathomorphological characteristics of experimental alcoholism formation were studied in chronic experiments with 30 rats using a method of recording the electrical activity of different brain structures, the reaction of self-stimulation of the ventrolateral hypothalamus, amygdala and reticular formation of the midbrain, ECG, arterial pressure, conditioned reflexes, review and specialized histochemical methods. Derangements of the electrical activity of the brain, conditioned reflexes, emotional and cardiovascular reactions shared by the limbicoreticular structures and neocortex were found to be dependent on the time of alcoholization. Comparison of the neurophysiological and pathomorphological alterations in the brain seen in experimental alcoholism points to the structural and functional disorders contributing to the failure of the compensatory and adaptation mechanisms.

[Outpatient stress psychotherapy of patients with alcoholism]. / Stressopsikhoterapiia bol'nykh alkogolizmom v ambulatornykh usloviiakh.

Trial of the method of stress psychotherapy developed by Dovzhenko has revealed its high efficacy: over 68% of treated patients continue the remission in a year after the treatment. The essence of the technique consists in the reaction of a stable psychological orientation toward a prolonged abstinence from alcohol by employing a complex of sequential psychotherapeutic methods and approaches materialized by means of physiogenic (stress) impacts aimed at activization of emotiogenic mechanisms of the brain.