Professional reliability of military pilots: medical and social-psychological aspects.

Presented based on previously performed by the authors the following analysis of the medical, social and psychological aspects of the pilot professional reliability. The scheme of interaction of its structural and functional components is developed, set their coefficients of importance. It is shown that to conform with the requirements of the profession of flight cooperation, social and psychological components of professional reliability of pilots need a set of measures on formation of their professionally important qualities.

[Scientific and research experimentation center of aviation and space medicine and human engineeing celebrates 80th anniversary].

The article is devoted to the history of the Research Test Center Aviation and Space Medicine and military ergonomics, now included in the Central Research Institute of the Air Force Defense Ministry. The center throughout 80 years history is a leding research organization in the country for the integrated study of the human factor in aviation and problems connected with it. The world-famous scientific schools in aviation physiology, hygiene and radiolorgy, emergency medicine, aviation psychology and ergonomics have been grounded on the basis of this center. With a high qualified scientific staff and laboratory-and-bench-scale base including unique seminatural airplanes and helicopters complexes, posters and installation simulating the impact of flight factors (centrifuge, hyperbaric chambers, shakenr vestibulyar-WIDE stands, etc.) the center has. successfully slved tasks concerning an improvement of flight crews protection from occupational hazards, ergonomic demands to capabilities of aircraft, professional and psycho-physiological training. Automatic systems of medical decision-making on assessment of the health status in the medical-flight expertise and dynamic medical supervision, planning, treatment and preventive and remedial actions aircrew training are currently 'being developed

[Psychosemantic diagnostics of aircrew professional fitness].

The process of becoming a professional pilot tends to a constant complication. This entails an increase in requirements for the professional competence of flight crews. Further improvement of the professional selection of pilots associated with the obvious need substantial expansion of methodological bases of psychological selection. Proposed improvements psychodiagnosis professional fitness, building on research of value-semantic sphere of professional motivation and structure, including methods of experimental psycho-semantics.

[AVIATION MEDICINE: THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND FOCAL FUNDAMENTAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES (for the 80th anniversary of the Research Test Center of Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics)].

The article discloses postulates of theoretical concepts that make the methodological basis for addressing the real-world aviation medicine challenges of humanizing aviator's environment, labor content and means, and health and performance maintenance. Under consideration are focal fundamental and practical issues arising with the technological progress in aviation and dealt with at the AF CRI Research Test Center of Aerospace Medicine and Military Ergonomics.

[Medical approaches to development and testing of anti-mine defence for combat vehicle crews].

To prevention death and serious injuries personnel must be equipped with war materiel collective and individual antimine defence. The experience gained in the establishment of protective equipment shows that modern technology can prevent serious injuries and moderately severe blast injuries in the members of the crew an ensure injury prevention not less than 95%. The solution to this problem is achieved by exception of conditions for spinal compression fractures, ankle and foot fractures, severe and moderately severe brain contusions and eardrum ruptures. Anti-mine defence effectiveness test should be carried in situ and in semi natural environment using as an analogue of the human body a biomorphic model and recording parameters and traumatic factors in the following mathematical simulation of the reaction of the human body on the effect of these factors.

[Suppositions for development of preventive military air medicine].

It is shown that on the basis of scientific concepts for regenerative medicine and organizational principles of prevention as a result of the research were revealed fundamental laws of life of the organism in an unusual environment. It is concluded that the need to integrate the methodology of research and testing aircraft and medical equipment on a single scientific basis. This will enable more productive use of research results in the field of ergonomics, ecology, and computer science in order to preserve the life and health of military personnel and maintain their combat capability.

[Medical and psychological prediction of professional readiness of graduates of military school].

The authors propose a method for assessing the professional readiness of graduates of military educational institution, taking into account academic performance, the results of sociometric surveys, data on the professional fitness and health. The high efficiency of the developed method for predicting successful adaptation of graduates to serve in the armed forces is showed.

[The impact of health personnel at the cohesion of military units].

It is shown that in military units sociometric status of troops largely determined by the frequency of diseases in the following classes of diseases: mental and behavioral disorders (grade 7), diseases of the eye (grade 7), diseases of the ear and mastoid process (grade 8) and diseases of the digestive system (grade 11). Therefore, prevention efforts on these types of diseases will help to create cohesive military units, but it rebuet presence in the military link of the medical service of specialists.

[Principles and methods of mental health resource assessment in military personnel under conditions of demographic crisis].

The article is devoted to developing the principles and methods of resource assessment of mental health military contingent in terms of demographic decline and reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. From the standpoint of the concept of the mutual influence of the value-semantic components and the level of psychological adaptation resources demonstrates the possibility of evaluating resource capabilities of the psyche of military contingent.

[Improvement of the reliability of air crew spatial orientation with the psycho-educational methods].

A dedicated psycho-educational complex showed itself highly efficient when applied to 111 aviation cadets in order to improve the spatial orientation ability in future flights.

[The role of the military medicine in preparation of the first manned space flight]. / Rol' voennoi meditsiny v podgotovke pervogo poleta cheloveka v kosmos.

The authors summarize some most significant results of investigations and works in the field of cosmic medicine performed in military-and-medical institutions of the USSR during preparation of man's first space flights. It is shown that our first program of medical-and-biological support of piloted space flights--the program "Vostok"--was formed and practically realized with undoubted leading role of military-and-medical institutions together with the USSR Academy of sciences.

[The assessment and correction of the body functional state of aviation specialists working with video display terminals]. / Otsenka i korrektsiia funktsional'nogo sostoianiia organizma aviatsionnykh spetsialistov, rabotaiushchikh s videodispleinymi terminalami.

The investigations have shown that military and aviation specialist working with video-display terminals are exposed to unfavourable effect of professional environment of anthropogenic genesis. It is accompanied with development of energo-informative stress. Manifestations of stress-effect have a cumulative character. One can notice the decrease in physiologic reserve level, homeostatic potential, worsening of the quality of operators' professional health and safety in the "man-machine" system. The proposed and appropriated methods of premorbid state diagnosis and working capacity support have confirmed its adequate efficiency both in experimental conditions and in aviation specialists against the background of their professional activity.

[Scientific problems of medical support of the Air Forces staff]. / Nauchnye problemy meditsinskogo obespecheniia lichnogo sostava voennoi aviatsii.

The authors consider three leading directions of aeromedical investigations oriented at: creation of scientific fundamentals to provide a human factor in development of new air to complexes for protection of aviation specialists from flight effects and for their labour means humanisation, improvement of psychophysiological selection, development of methods and technical means to form professionally important qualities and psychophysiological training of air force staff, health condition medical control, methods and means of condition correction, serviceability restoration and combat-capability increase. The most urgent scientific problems are characterized within the given trends. The examples of practical effectiveness of the investigations carried out are described.

[The influence of occupational factors on clinical and physiological states of those working at video-display terminals]. / Vliianie faktorov professional'noo sredy na kliniko-fiziologicheskii status lits, rabotaiushchikh s videodispleinymi terminalami.

The studies proved users of videodisplays to be under exposure to occupational hazards cumulative even in total 4-hour daily work at the videodisplay. That induces energetic and informational stress that clinically resembles fatigue neurosis. The examinees demonstrated premorbid condition, lower physiologic resources, homeostatic potential and occupational health quality.