ABSTRACT
Increased production of autoantibodies to glutamate was found in blood plasma from patients with Alzheimer's dementia. The content of autoantibodies to glutamate in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease was much lower than in those with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (1.40+/-0.07 and 1.80+/-0.07 arb. units, p<0.001). The level of autoantibodies to glutamate in patients with mixed - Alzheimer's disease was 1.60+/-0.01 arb. units.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/blood , Alzheimer Disease/immunology , Autoantibodies/blood , Glutamic Acid/blood , Glutamic Acid/immunology , Age of Onset , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Analysis of Variance , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Autoantibodies to glutamate were found in blood plasma from patients with Alzheimer's disease. The content of autoantibodies to glutamate in blood plasma from patients with moderate and severe dementia was 2-fold higher compared to patients with mild dementia.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/immunology , Autoantibodies/immunology , Glutamates/immunology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/blood , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Autoantibodies/blood , Dementia/blood , Dementia/immunology , Dementia/pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , HumansABSTRACT
We have found an increased level of serum antibodies to the prefibrillar structures of both Abeta(25-35) peptide and human lysozyme in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that autoimmunity is implicated in AD. In the serum of AD patients with a long-term duration (>15 years) the titer of serum antibodies to aggregates of Abeta(25-35) peptide increased by approximately 5-fold, whilst the antibody titer to lysozyme protofilaments decreased by approximately 8-fold compared to patients with AD duration of <5 years. The content of immunoglobulins of the A, G and M types declined, particularly in AD duration of >15 years. An increase in the concentration of immune complexes and higher lysozyme activity was detected in the serum of all patients and this was suggestive of an inflammatory reaction. We propose that the autoimmune response to different amyloid structures in AD can be viewed as a clearance pathway targeting amyloid development. Autoimmune response can be exploited as a marker of ongoing protein aggregation and hence be used as a diagnostic feature of AD.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/immunology , Amyloid beta-Peptides/immunology , Autoantibodies/blood , Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/immunology , Immune Complex Diseases/immunology , Muramidase/immunology , Peptide Fragments/immunology , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Amyloid/immunology , Antigen-Antibody Complex/blood , Brain/pathology , Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Progression , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Immune Complex Diseases/diagnosis , Immune Complex Diseases/genetics , Immunoglobulins/blood , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mental Status Schedule , Microscopy, Atomic Force , Reference Values , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils underwent phase changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neutrophils retained the ability to engulf microbes, but their digestive activity decreased at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. At the late stage we observed a decrease in the count of phagocytizing neutrophils, reduction of myeloperoxidase activity, and increase in the content of cationic proteins.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/immunology , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Neutrophils/immunology , Phagocytosis , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Arteriosclerosis/complications , Blood Proteins/metabolism , Cell Count , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/enzymology , Peroxidase/blood , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications , Staphylococcus aureus , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Plasma concentration of immune complexes and antibodies to serotonin and dopamine were higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to mentally healthy volunteers of the same age. Plasma concentrations of antibodies to serotonin and dopamine decreased with the increase in the duration of this disease.
